A Cardiotachometer With Linear Indication of Beat‐to‐beat Frequency

Pope, Jack M.; Deboo, G. J.; Smith, David B. D.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02790.x

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…The electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded from Beckman Biopotential electrodes taped to the sternum and fifth intercostal space. HR was then derived from the ECG by a beat-to-beat cardiotachometer (Pope, Deboo, & Smith, 1968). Respiration recordings were made with an impedance pneumograph (Bicom Model 991) from electrodes taped on either side of the chest.…”

Section: Data Recording and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Heart Rate Response to a Brief Auditory and Visual Stimulus

Smith

Strawbridge

1969

Psychophysiology

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The adult heart rate (HR) response was studied in 18 male subjects following a series of 10 tones and 10 light flashes. Both stimuli were of moderate intensity (54 db and 8.0 ml) and had rise times of 30 milliseconds. The tone evoked a predominantly acceleratory response and no decrement with repetition. Initially, the light flash evoked a predominantly deceleratory response which changed to one of acceleration as the stimulus was repeated. Analysis of respiration revealed that an increase in rate and amplitude followed both stimuli and that the magnitude of respiratory changes did not diminish with stimulus repetition. Viewed according to Sokolov's criteria for identifying orienting, defensive, and adaptive responses the results support the conclusions that: (1) HR deceleration is a component of the orienting response; and (2) HR acceleration is neither an orienting, defensive, nor adaptive response but is largely secondary to respiratory changes. On the basis of the evidence, a tentative model of the HR response to simple auditory and visual stimuli is offered.

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Section: Data Recording and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Heart Rate Response to a Brief Auditory and Visual Stimulus

Smith

Strawbridge

1969

Psychophysiology

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Digital Cardiac Period Meter With DA Converter

Shimizu¹

1977

Psychophysiology

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A new type of cardiac period meter, which allows the simultaneous collection of digital and analog records, was designed. The wave‐shaper and the pulse sequencer in a digital counter were modified for the purpose of measuring successive heartbeat intervals. The output terminals of the counter were connected directly to a digital‐to‐analog (DA) converter. The pen‐oscillograph record of the analog output produces a stair‐case waveform characterized by sharp edges and stable horizontal lines.

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A computer-controlled cardiotachometer

Klosterhalfen

1980

Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation

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A versatile display system for presenting heart rate information is described. The display has a table with 10 rows and 50 columns. This 10 by 50 matrix contains all integers from o to 499, so that it can display the instantaneous R•R intervals of a rat's EKG to the nearest millisecond. At each beat 1 of 10 vertically and 1 of 50 horizontally arranged indicator lights are turned on to provide the coordinates for reading the table. Either beat-to-beat or averaged heart rate or period is displayed. Small and large changes can be easily and accurately observed on the same scale. The lights are controlled by a PDP-8/e. A listing of the assembler program is presented. In a large number of psychophysiological investigations involving measurement of heart rate (HR), an immediate indication of ongoing HR behavior is essential or at least helpful (e.g., studies of biofeedback, stress, habituation, or classical conditioning). TYPES OF CARDIOTACHOMETERS Several different cardiotachometers are available. The design of these units is usually based on analog circuitry that provides a voltage proportional to the reciprocal of the time interval between successive R waves. HR is indicated by a needle or pen that points to a scale (voltmeter type) or writes "staircases" on recording paper (tachograph) (e.g., Pope, Deboo, & Smith, 1968). Readings from these instruments are far from being exact. Digital tachometers are highly accurate (e.g., Elings & Holly, 1973), but the dynamics of HR changes are poorly represented by numbers, and watching beat-tobeat changes in HR over a longer period of time on a LED display is a tedious job that absorbs most of the experimenter's attention. Computers have been used successfully for the interpretation of the EKG complex (e.g., Wartak, Milliken, & Karchmar, 1970), but they have contributed little to improving HR monitoring. A computer-controlled cardiotachometer (CCC) that is accurate, easily readable, and versatile is described here. COMPUTER-CONTROLLED CARDIOTACHOMETER Display The CCC's display has an interchangeable table of HR or heart period values. Ten vertically and 50 hori-Development of this system was supported in part by Grant Li 74/10 from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to Gustav A_ Lienert. Requests for reprints should be addressed to Wolfl/;ang Klosterhalfen,

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A Cardiotachometer With Linear Indication of Beat‐to‐beat Frequency

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

The Heart Rate Response to a Brief Auditory and Visual Stimulus

The Heart Rate Response to a Brief Auditory and Visual Stimulus

Digital Cardiac Period Meter With DA Converter

A computer-controlled cardiotachometer

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