A Benchmark Test System for Networked Microgrids

Alam, Mahamad Nabab; Chakrabarti, Saikat; Liang, Xiaodong

doi:10.1109/tii.2020.2976893

Cited by 66 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Furthermore, it should also be mentioned that none of the above included data necessary to perform reliability studies. Then, in [20], a system interconnecting 4 microgrids with an external grid was proposed. It addressed some of the limitations of the previous standards by presenting sufficient data to conduct static, dynamic, reliability, and resiliency studies, however, it combined four of the previously mentioned benchmarks [12], [15], [16], [18] thus it is again based on imaginary systems.…”

Section: A Reference System Of Isolated Gridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Islands of Cape Verde as a Reference System for 100% Renewable Deployment

Pombo

Bindner

Sørensen

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)

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Fully renewable, isolated power systems have gained relevance given the global agenda related to the energy transition. Thus raising the amount and diversity of the performed gridrelated research. However, the existing generic reference systems are usually aimed to a particular type of study and don't capture the influence of technologies and methods used to accommodate renewables such as power electronics, energy storage, demand response, etc. In addition, the majority of studies are focused on the micro-grid perspective. When analyzing grids, size does matter, and yet, there is no benchmark available suitable for validating both static and dynamic studies in the dozens to hundreds of MW range. Therefore, there is a need for a reference system capturing the behaviour of modern, mid & large size isolated power systems ranging from 20 to 100 % renewable energy penetration, accommodating a very diverse technological mix. The purpose of this work is to fill these gaps, presenting a benchmark suitable for studies in mid to large size power system using real data from existing isolated grids. The network of two islands from Cape Verde is used as inspiration for the models due to the relevance of their layout and configuration, but also the country's renewable penetration targets. All the data has been provided by Electra and Cabeólica, the local System Operator and largest renewable utility of the country respectively. The data is Open-Access, accessible in an online repository [1], conveniently prepared and presented in different tables and files covering a range of traditional and modern studies such as: power flow, energy management, control, stability, reliability, resiliency etc.

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Section: A Reference System Of Isolated Gridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Islands of Cape Verde as a Reference System for 100% Renewable Deployment

Pombo

Bindner

Sørensen

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)

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“…Note that the photon loss in a quantum channel is a fundamental limitation on the key-generation rate of any QKD protocol, even augmented with unlimited two-way classical communication [34], [35]. In fact, the so-called PLOB bound, named for the authors of [35], shows that the key rate of a QKD protocol is proportional to − log 2 (1 − τ r ), where τ r is the transmittance of the channel [see (6)]. This rate may be overcome through the use of quantum repeaters or through twin-field QKD (TF-QKD) [36], [37].…”

Section: A Qkd Modeling and The Sdapp Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although microgrids are promising, transforming them into networked microgrids (NMs) remains prohibitively difficult [6]. Among various challenges, a critical one is the data breach issue in the face of a broader attack surface in today's power distribution where data flows are created between customers and utility control centers [7], [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmable Quantum Networked Microgrids

Tang

Zhang

Krawec

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Quantum Eng.

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a potent solution to securely distribute keys for two parties. However, QKD itself is vulnerable to denial of service (DoS) attacks. A flexible and resilient QKD-enabled networked microgrids (NMs) architecture is needed but does not yet exist. In this article, we present a programmable quantum NMs (PQNMs) architecture. It is a novel framework that integrates both QKD and software-defined networking (SDN) techniques capable of enabling scalable, programmable, quantum-engineered, and ultra-resilient NMs. Equipped with a software-defined adaptive post-processing approach, a two-level key pool sharing strategy and an SDN-enabled event-triggered communication scheme, these PQNMs mitigate the impact of DoS attacks through programmable post-processing and secure key sharing among QKD links, a capability unattainable using existing technologies. Through comprehensive evaluations, we validate the benefits of PQNMs and demonstrate the efficacy of the presented strategies under various circumstances. Extensive results provide insightful resources for building QKD-enabled NMs in practice.INDEX TERMS Networked microgrids, quantum key distribution, software-defined networking.

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“…Various metrics for characterizing and validating representative networks are also described and clustered into distinct groups. While recognizing that there are benchmarks for microgrids designed by experts [14]- [16] (for purposes such as testing control and protection algorithms, etc. ), realworld microgrids are not yet mature, nor widespread; it would be premature to propose or survey methods for creating representative benchmarks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Benchmarks for Power Systems

Mohammadi

Saleh

2021

IEEE Access

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Power system benchmarks are transmission and distribution networks used to evaluate novel control algorithms and simulate grid evolution scenarios. These benchmarks range in size, system characteristics, and use cases. Although active working groups have created and published many benchmarks, these networks are not all representative of a given region and may not consider certain aspects such as increased penetration levels of distributed energy resources. To address these issues, synthetic benchmark networks and methodologies for generating them have been developed by various research groups. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of procedures commonly used to generate synthetic networks and a detailed account of the various metrics used to define and validate benchmarks. Existing models are categorized into different approaches, including expert design, anonymized clustering, statistical sampling, and heuristic algorithms. Deep graph generation based techniques are also presented and recommended for the network generation problem. A comparative summary is provided to highlight the different existing works in this area and reveal research gaps, along with a list of published datasets and their characteristics.

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A Benchmark Test System for Networked Microgrids

Cited by 66 publications

References 45 publications

The Islands of Cape Verde as a Reference System for 100% Renewable Deployment

The Islands of Cape Verde as a Reference System for 100% Renewable Deployment

Programmable Quantum Networked Microgrids

Synthetic Benchmarks for Power Systems

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