Synthetic Benchmarks for Power Systems

Abstract

Power system benchmarks are transmission and distribution networks used to evaluate novel control algorithms and simulate grid evolution scenarios. These benchmarks range in size, system characteristics, and use cases. Although active working groups have created and published many benchmarks, these networks are not all representative of a given region and may not consider certain aspects such as increased penetration levels of distributed energy resources. To address these issues, synthetic benchmark networks and methodologies for generating them have been developed by various research groups. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of procedures commonly used to generate synthetic networks and a detailed account of the various metrics used to define and validate benchmarks. Existing models are categorized into different approaches, including expert design, anonymized clustering, statistical sampling, and heuristic algorithms. Deep graph generation based techniques are also presented and recommended for the network generation problem. A comparative summary is provided to highlight the different existing works in this area and reveal research gaps, along with a list of published datasets and their characteristics.

Preparing infrastructure for surprise: fusing synthetic network, interdependency, and cascading failure models

“…This topology construction is sometimes aided by Delaunay triangulation and 'minimum spanning tree,' a geometrical optimization method. Transmission line edges-covering more considerable distances-are mapped in a 'line of sight' direction from node to node (Mohammadi and Saleh 2021).…”

“…Synthetic power distribution models have kept pace with synthetic transmission models. Typically, distribution network edges are assumed to follow road topology from open-source street data (Mohammadi and Saleh 2021). Synthetic distribution feeders have been synthesized using generalized census data for small-grid test cases (Saha et al 2019), allowing for detailed, realistic grid monitoring in power flow simulators.…”

“…These networks can serve as platforms for diverse and enhanced urban infrastructure analysis. Realistic synthetic networks generally need to have three properties: the representativeness of existing networks, the confidentiality of real-world data, and the use of real engineering properties (Mohammadi and Saleh 2021). Methodologies and validation of these models are developing, and no established framework or vision is identified in the literature for how synthetic networks should be deployed for resilience research.…”

“…power, water, road transportation), referred to as 'civil infrastructure' throughout the text. Reviews already exist for the individual domains, and we will utilize this knowledge base (Banerjee et al 2014, Ouyang 2014, Guo et al 2017, Marcos et al 2017, Wei et al 2019, Bachmann et al 2020, Valdez et al 2020, Mahabadi et al 2021, Mohammadi and Saleh 2021. Following the state of practice, a framework for SICFMs will be developed, and the capabilities from each domain will be synthetized to propose how future SICFMs can be deployed.…”

Evaluating the Energy Readiness of National Building Stocks Through Benchmarking

“…To this aim, transmission and distribution networks called "power system benchmarks" are implemented by using anonymised clustering, statistical sampling, heuristic algorithms, etc. These were reviewed in [12].…”