A battery integrated three‐port bidirectional charger/discharger for light electric vehicles with G2V and V2G power flow capability

Abstract

Summary In this paper, a non‐isolated battery integrated three‐port bidirectional dc‐dc converter (BIBTPC) is proposed and analyzed for interfacing light electric vehicles (LEVs) with solar photovoltaic (SPV)‐fed low voltage dc distribution system (LVDDS). Depending upon the power generation, the converter can be controlled to operate in grid‐to‐vehicle (G2V) or vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) arrangement. BIBTPC can implement maximum power point tracking (MPPT), simultaneously regulating the dc bus voltage of LVDDS. It also has an inherent feature of pulse charging and pulse discharging of the battery which improves its charging/discharging rate. The converter operation in all the possible modes is elucidated, and steady‐state analysis is performed to establish the key performance features. The guidelines for the inductor and capacitor design of the converter are also presented. The control strategy to ensure MPPT simultaneously managing the power flow among SPV, LVDDS, and LEV battery is developed and implemented. The theoretical predictions are validated experimentally on the laboratory prototype of the converter. These results are found to be in close agreement with each other.

Comprehensive review of battery charger structures of EVs and HEVs for levels 1–3

“…[80][81][82] Both AC and DC have driven the charger structure developments that use bidirectional topologies that allow the implementation of algorithms to control the charging and discharging flow of batteries. [83][84][85][86][87][88]…”

“…However, the possibility of connecting vehicle to grid (V2G), grid to vehicle (G2V), and vehicle to home (V2H) for integration with other alternative energy sources such as solar photovoltaic and wind power systems 80–82 . Both AC and DC have driven the charger structure developments that use bidirectional topologies that allow the implementation of algorithms to control the charging and discharging flow of batteries 83–88 …”

Bidirectional converter based on boost/buck DC‐DC converter for microgrids energy storage systems interface

“…In the scenario with the use of electric vehicles rising, the better advantage of DC microgrid is that electric vehicles can be connected continuously to DC voltage grid, without necessity of an AC/DC converter. However, this connection may cause disturbance in the grid due load variation (G2V or V2G) 2–4 . To minimize these disturbances, the microgrid control system is directly linked to the energy storage system, as the batteries are used to keep stable the DC grid in a long time term, while the supercapacitors are used to provide energy to soften the high‐frequency oscillation caused by load change 5 …”

“…However, this connection may cause disturbance in the grid due load variation (G2V or V2G). [2][3][4] To minimize these disturbances, the microgrid control system is directly linked to the energy storage system, as the batteries are used to keep stable the DC grid in a long time term, while the supercapacitors are used to provide energy to soften the high-frequency oscillation caused by load change. 5 The interface of control system with the energy storage system is done through a bidirectional DC-DC converter, which is implemented between the low-side DC voltage bus (battery or supercapacitor of microgrid) and the high-side DC voltage bus (the DC bus of microgrid).…”

Time‐multiplexed hysteretic control for single‐inductor dual‐input single‐output DC‐DC power converter

“…Single-inductor dual-input single-output (SI-DISO) converters have been used for different applications such as battery energy storage, photovoltaic solar energy systems (RES), and electric vehicles (EVs). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The SI-DISO converter is a cost-effective option to reduce the size and cost of the converter by using a single inductor as compared to multiple-power module and multiple-inductor solutions for managing power from different energy sources. However, due to the sharing of the same inductor, the associated converter topologies usually suffer from crossregulation and power sharing problems.…”