A 4.78 mm 2 Fully-Integrated Neuromodulation SoC Combining 64 Acquisition Channels With Digital Compression and Simultaneous Dual Stimulation

Biederman, William; Yeager, D.; Narevsky, Nathan; Leverett, Jaclyn; Neely, Ryan; Carmena, Jose M.; Alon, Elad; Rabaey, Jan M.

doi:10.1109/jssc.2014.2384736

Cited by 78 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Wireless power technology is therefore of great interest as it plays a vital role in eliminating the invasiveness and discomfort caused by batteries or wires in most implantable medical devices . Recently, wireless devices capable of achieving untethered transfer, as well as mm‐scale integrated circuits for neuro‐stimulation have been developed . Nevertheless, most wireless power systems employ electromagnetic energy coupling, which turns out to be extremely inefficient in mm (or micro)‐scale systems due to the mismatch between the radio wavelength (≈cm) and aperture of mm‐scale receivers .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound‐Induced Wireless Energy Harvesting for Potential Retinal Electrical Stimulation Application

Jiang

Yang

Chen

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Retinal electrical stimulation for people with neurodegenerative diseases has shown to be feasible for direct excitation of neurons as a means of restoring vision. In this work, a new electrical stimulation strategy is proposed using ultrasound-driven wireless energy harvesting technology to convert acoustic energy to electricity through the piezoelectric effect. The design, fabrication, and performance of a millimeter-scale flexible ultrasound patch that utilizes an environment-friendly lead-free piezocomposite are described. A modified dice-and-fill technique is used to manufacture the microstructure of the piezocomposite and to generate improved electrical and acoustic properties. The as-developed device can be attached on a complex surface and be driven by ultrasound to produce adjustable electrical outputs, reaching a maximum output power of 45 mW cm −2 . Potential applications for charging energy storage devices and powering commercial electronics using the device are demonstrated. The considerable current signals (e.g., current >72 µA and current density >9.2 nA µm −2 ) that are higher than the average thresholds of retinal stimulation are also obtained in the ex vivo experiment of an implanted environment, showing great potential to be integrated on implanted biomedical devices for electrical stimulation application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound‐Induced Wireless Energy Harvesting for Potential Retinal Electrical Stimulation Application

Jiang

Yang

Chen

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Utilizing AC-coupled multistage amplifiers reduces the input capacitors' value that leads to a reduction in the chip area at the expense of slightly increasing the power consumption. A few examples of such multistage amplifiers are provided in [58][59][60][61][62].…”

Section: Multistage Amplifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Channel Neural Recording Implants: A Review

Noshahr

Nabavi

Sawan

2020

Sensors

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The recently growing progress in neuroscience research and relevant achievements, as well as advancements in the fabrication process, have increased the demand for neural interfacing systems. Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) have been revealed to be a promising method for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders and the restoration of sensory and motor function. Neural recording implants, as a part of BMI, are capable of capturing brain signals, and amplifying, digitizing, and transferring them outside of the body with a transmitter. The main challenges of designing such implants are minimizing power consumption and the silicon area. In this paper, multi-channel neural recording implants are surveyed. After presenting various neural-signal features, we investigate main available neural recording circuit and system architectures. The fundamental blocks of available architectures, such as neural amplifiers, analog to digital converters (ADCs) and compression blocks, are explored. We cover the various topologies of neural amplifiers, provide a comparison, and probe their design challenges. To achieve a relatively high SNR at the output of the neural amplifier, noise reduction techniques are discussed. Also, to transfer neural signals outside of the body, they are digitized using data converters, then in most cases, the data compression is applied to mitigate power consumption. We present the various dedicated ADC structures, as well as an overview of main data compression methods.Sensors 2020, 20, 904 2 of 29 an invasive method, records proper signals. However, the disadvantage of this is not being able to record deep in the brain and they average the activity of thousands of neurons [11]. Invasive techniques have been utilized by some BMIs. This is because recording single action potentials from neurons in distributed, functionally-linked ensembles are necessary for the most accurate readout of neural activities [7]. Therefore, increasing the spatial resolution and the number of electrodes are essential for developing BMI.The implementation of a neural recording implant is multi-disciplinary, as it involves the various scientific fields such as electronics, medical, materials, electrodes, and system integration. Increasing the number of electrodes and, consequently, the number of channels (in the range of thousands), creates new challenges for neural recording in the various fields mentioned. Microelectrode technology is not appropriate for these large-scale recordings [12]. Recently, Neuralink Company has built arrays of small and flexible electrodes (3072 electrodes per array), which have enabled thousands of channel recordings [13]. In the microelectronics field, large-scale recordings create many challenges with regards to decreasing the power consumption and chip area.In the design of the neural recording implants, the two constraints, the power consumption and chip area, should be addressed. Implantable circuits should consume very low power to avoid any damage to the surrounding tissue due to gen...

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“…In contrast, [35] synthesized adiabatic ramp waveforms though a forward-buck/reverse-boost DC-DC converter utilizing an offchip inductor. As such, despite achieving excellent energy savings, most prior art relied on bulky external components such as capacitors [28] or inductors [35], or alternatively cascade several power converters, each with substantial loss mechanisms, in order to synthesize the required waveforms [50]. The stimulator in [51] relied on comparison at the RF frequency so that it is limited to applications with low frequency (<10 MHz) RF input.…”

Section: Constant-current Adiabatic Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fully Integrated RF-Powered Energy-Replenishing Current-Controlled Stimulator

Ha¹,

Kim

Park

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

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This paper presents a fully-integrated currentcontrolled stimulator that is powered directly from on-chip coil antenna and achieves adiabatic energy-replenishing operation without any bulky external components. Adiabatic supply voltages, which can reach a differential range of up to 7.2 V, are directly generated from an on-chip 190-MHz resonant LC tank via a selfcascading/folding rectifier network, bypassing the losses that would otherwise be introduced by the 0.8 V system supply-generating rectifier and regulator. The stimulator occupies 0.22 mm 2 in a 180 nm silicon-on-insulator process and produces differential currents up to 145 µA. Using a charge replenishing scheme, the stimulator redirects the charges accumulated across the electrodes to the system power supplies for 63.1% of stimulation energy recycling. To benchmark the efficiency of stimulation, a figure of merit termed the stimulator efficiency factor (SEF) is introduced. The adiabatic power rails and energy replenishment scheme enabled our stimulator to achieve an SEF of 6.0.

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A 4.78 mm 2 Fully-Integrated Neuromodulation SoC Combining 64 Acquisition Channels With Digital Compression and Simultaneous Dual Stimulation

Cited by 78 publications

References 15 publications

Ultrasound‐Induced Wireless Energy Harvesting for Potential Retinal Electrical Stimulation Application

Ultrasound‐Induced Wireless Energy Harvesting for Potential Retinal Electrical Stimulation Application

Multi-Channel Neural Recording Implants: A Review

A Fully Integrated RF-Powered Energy-Replenishing Current-Controlled Stimulator

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