“…The mixed-signal PAs need external digital controls [11,12,13], while the out-phasing PAs require additional signal separation and suffer from nonlinearity [14,15,16,17]. As for Doherty PAs, instead of the bulky and lossy 𝜆/4 transmission line (TL) [18,19,20,21,22,23,24], the transformer-based passive networks are selected together with the capacitors to realize both impedance matching and load modulation [25,26,27,28,29,30].…”