The degree of chemical weathering in soils increases with mean annual precipitation (P; mm) and mean annual temperature (T; ЊC). We have quantified these relationships using a database of major-element chemical analyses of 126 North American soils. The most robust relationship found was between P and the chemical index of alteration without potash (CIA-K): with. Another strong relationship was found between P and 0.0197(CIA-K) 2 P p 221.12e Rp 0.72 the molecular ratio of bases/alumina (B): with. A Mollisol-specific relationship 2 P p Ϫ259.34 ln (B) ϩ 759.05 R p 0.66 was found relating P to the molar ratio of calcium to aluminum (C) as follows: with P p Ϫ130.93 ln (C) ϩ 467.4. Relationships between weathering ratios and T are less robust, but a potentially useful one was found 2 R p 0.59 between T and the molecular ratio of potash and soda to alumina (S) where with 2 T p Ϫ18.516(S) ϩ 17.298 R p. Our data also showed that most Alfisols can be distinguished from Ultisols by a molecular weathering ratio of 0.37 bases/alumina of !0.5 or by a chemical index of alteration without potassium !80. Application of these data to a sequence of Eocene and Oligocene paleosols from central Oregon yielded refined paleoprecipitation and paleotemperature estimates consistent with those from other pedogenic and paleobotanical transfer functions for paleoclimate.

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