A 28 GHz Broadband Helical Inspired End-Fire Antenna and Its MIMO Configuration for 5G Pattern Diversity Applications

Zahra, Hijab; Awan, Wahaj Abbas; Ali, Wael A. E.; Hussain, Niamat; Abbas, Syed Muzahir; Mukhopadhyay, Subhas Chandra

doi:10.3390/electronics10040405

Cited by 76 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In addition to the typical standalone antenna gain, the mean effective gain was introduced; it is indicative of the gain performance of the antenna in a MIMO configuration. The typical formulae reported in the literature for the computation or determination of the MEG is reported below [27].…”

Section: Mean Effective Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of an Integrated Sub-6 GHz and mmWave MIMO Antenna for 5G Handheld Devices

et al. 2021

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The reported work demonstrates the design and realization of an integrated mid-band (sub-6 GHz) and mmWave multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) antenna for 5G handheld devices. The proposed prototype consists of the two-port MIMO configuration of the mid-band antenna placed at the top and bottom of the substrate, while the 4-port mmWave MIMO antenna is placed sideways. The MIMO configuration at the top and bottom consists of a two-element array to achieve high gain at the mid-band spectrum, while the antennas placed sideways are optimized to cover the 5G-mmWave band spectrum. The overall dimensions of the board were selected the same as the of smartphones, i.e., 151 mm × 72 mm. The mid-band antenna has an operational bandwidth of 2.73 GHz, whereas the mmWave antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 3.85 GHz with a peak gain of 5.29 and 8.57 dBi, respectively. Furthermore, the design is analyzed for the various MIMO performance parameters; it was found that the proposed antennas offer high performance in terms of envelop correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), mean effective gain (MEG) and channel capacity loss (CCL) within operational range. A fabricated prototype was tested and measured results show strong agreement with predicted results. Moreover, the proposed work is compared with state-of-the-art work for the same applications to demonstrate its potential for targeted application.

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Section: Mean Effective Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The channel capacity loss is an indicator for understanding the change in capacity due to the MIMO environment. The CCL for the MIMO antenna can be calculated by the equation reported in Equation (7), provided in [26,27].…”

Section: Channel Capacity Loss (Ccl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an Integrated Sub-6 GHz and mmWave MIMO Antenna for 5G Handheld Devices

et al. 2021

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“…The small deviation between the simulated and measured gain value was due to the presence of electrical wires; moreover, the practical model diode also affected the performance since lumped ports were used in the simulations. The presented antenna design can further be investigated for arrays and MIMO configurations [39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Gain and Radiation Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Monopole Antenna with a Switchable Beam for 5G Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems

et al. 2021

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A simple and compact antenna with a switchable beam for millimeter-wave communication is proposed in this paper. The antenna has a planar structure, and the design evolution is discussed. The beam switching functionality was achieved by incorporating two PIN diodes in the ground plane of the antenna. By switching ON either of the PIN diodes, the inverted L-shaped stub becomes connected to the ground plane and behaves as a cavity, which causes the dispersion of the radiation pattern. Therefore, a wide-angle (±18∘) beam-switching property can be achieved using a simple and low-cost technique, without the necessity to implement additional conventional circuits. The proposed antenna is characterized by a good performance in terms of return loss, bandwidth, measured gain up to 7.95 dB, and radiation efficiency up to 84%, making it a proper candidate for IoT technology and millimeter-wave 5G devices.

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“…Thus, the fifth generation (5G) of communication technology has become a promising candidate for the said systems [2,3]. The 28 GHz and 38 GHz are the potential frequency bands for the 5G cellular communication at millimeter wave (mm-wave) part of spectrum owing to the advantages of low absorption rate and low error for both Line-of-Sight (LoS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) systems [4,5]. Additionally, V-band (60 GHz) is considered a desirable frequency band for satellite communication systems along with WiFi [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Fabrication of a Printed Tri-Band Antenna for 5G Applications Operating across Ka-, and V-Band Spectrums

et al. 2021

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In this paper, an umbrella-shaped patch antenna for future millimeter-wave applications for the 5G frequency band is presented. The proposed antenna resonates at multiple frequency bands, i.e., 28 GHz, 38 GHz, and 55 GHz (V-band) that have been globally allocated for 5G communications systems. The proposed antenna is designed using Rogers RT/duroid 5870, with a relative permittivity, loss tangent and thickness of 2.33 mm, 0.0012 mm and 0.79 mm, respectively. The antenna has an overall size of 8 mm × 8 mm which correspond to 0.7 λ × 0.7 λ, where λ is free space wavelength at the lowest resonance. Moreover, the wide bandwidth, high gain and tri band operational mode is achieved by introducing two stubs to the initial design. The antenna prototype was fabricated and validated experimentally. The comparison of the simulated and measured results demonstrates a good correlation. Additionally, the comparative analysis with state of the art work demonstrates that the proposed antenna offers compact size, simple geometrical configuration, wide bandwidth, high gain, and radiation efficiency which makes the proposed antenna a potential candidate for compact smart 5G devices.

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A 28 GHz Broadband Helical Inspired End-Fire Antenna and Its MIMO Configuration for 5G Pattern Diversity Applications

Cited by 76 publications

References 32 publications

Design of an Integrated Sub-6 GHz and mmWave MIMO Antenna for 5G Handheld Devices

Design of an Integrated Sub-6 GHz and mmWave MIMO Antenna for 5G Handheld Devices

A Simple Monopole Antenna with a Switchable Beam for 5G Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems

Design and Fabrication of a Printed Tri-Band Antenna for 5G Applications Operating across Ka-, and V-Band Spectrums

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