Design of an Integrated Sub-6 GHz and mmWave MIMO Antenna for 5G Handheld Devices

Khalid, Hassan; Awan, Wahaj Abbas; Hussain, Mohamed Azlan; Fatima, Adeela; Ali, Mudassir; Hussain, Niamat; Khan, Salahuddin; Alibakhshikenari, Mohammad; Limiti, Ernesto

doi:10.3390/app11188331

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…To fulfill their task, textile antennas should resemble common textile materials in flexibility, lightweight, and aesthetics yet show good radiation efficiency and impedance matching, mechanical durability, water resistance, etc., as well as allow implementation of technologies such as Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. As textile antennas are designed to operate on the human (user’s) body, another important requirement are maximum exposure limits to electromagnetic (EM) fields, i.e., maximum Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), which should not be exceeded [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Textile Slotted Waveguide Antennas for Body-Centric Applications

Mikulić

Sopp

Bonefačić

et al. 2022

Sensors

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One of the major challenges in the development of wearable antennas is to design an antenna that can at the same time satisfy technical requirements, be aesthetically acceptable, and be suitable for wearable applications. In this paper, a novel wearable antenna is proposed—textile realization of a slotted waveguide antenna. The antenna is realized using conductive fabric to manufacture the walls of a rectangular waveguide in which the slots were cut out. All connections and cuts are sewn with conductive thread taking over advantages of the traditional process of manufacturing textile objects. The developed slotted waveguide array prototype, containing three slots and designed for operation in the 5.8-GHz ISM band, is experimentally characterized and compared to an equivalent metallic antenna. The achieved operating bandwidth is larger than 300 MHz in both cases. The measured gain of a textile slotted waveguide array is around 9 dBi with a radiation efficiency larger than 50% in the whole operating bandwidth, i.e., the textile array showed a 2 dB lower gain in comparison to the metallic counterpart. The gain is stable in the whole bandwidth and the radiation patterns do not differ. The results demonstrated that such textile antennas are suitable for body-centric communication and sensor systems and can be integrated into clothing, e.g., into a smart safety vest or into a uniform. Further analysis of various realizations of slotted waveguide antennas is presented showing that different versions of the proposed antenna can be used in all three off-body, on-body, and in-body communication scenarios.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Textile Slotted Waveguide Antennas for Body-Centric Applications

Mikulić

Sopp

Bonefačić

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…During recent years, many studies have focused on decoupling methods, especially in UWB MIMO antennas through various complex, geometrical feed structures [ 8 ]. F-shaped stubs [ 9 ], metasurfaces using slots [ 10 ], and patch antennas [ 11 ] have been introduced to block the electromagnetic (EM) or current waves between radiators. However, the issue with all of these techniques is that they are a bit complicated to adopt; secondly, they are LP antennas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutual Coupling Reduction through Defected Ground Structure in Circularly Polarized, Dielectric Resonator-Based MIMO Antennas for Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications

et al. 2022

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This paper describes a singly-fed circularly polarized rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) for MIMO and 5G Sub 6 GHz applications. Circular polarization was achieved for both ports using a novel-shaped conformal metal strip. To improve the isolation between the radiators, a “S” shaped defective ground plane structure (DGPS) was used. In order to authenticate the estimated findings, a prototype of the suggested radiator was built and tested experimentally. Over the desired band, i.e., 3.57–4.48 GHz, a fractional impedance bandwidth of roughly 36.63 percent (−10 dB as reference) was reached. Parallel axial ratio bandwidth of 28.33 percent is achieved, which is in conjunction with impedance matching bandwidth. Between the ports, isolation of −28 dB is achieved Gain and other far-field parameters are also calculated and found to be within their optimum limits

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“…As per the literature survey, various researchers have designed different antennas for 5G applications. In [5,6], two port multiple input multiple output (MIMO) microstrip patch antennas are designed for 5G devices. Next, planar helical antenna is designed in [7] for 28 GHz band of 5G applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Constant Gain and Miniaturized Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna for 5G Communication Applications

Dixit¹,

Kumar²,

Urooj³

2022

Computers, Materials &Amp; Continua

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This paper proposes a stable gain and a compact Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (AVA) for a 38 GHz band of 5G communication. A novel compact AVA is designed to provide constant gain, high front to back ratio (FBR), and very high efficiency. The performance of the proposed AVA is enhanced with the help of a dielectric lens (DL) and corrugations. A rectangular-shaped DL is incorporated in conventional AVA (CAVA) to enhance its gain up to 1 dBi and the bandwidth by 1.8 GHz. Next, the rectangular corrugations are implemented in CAVA with lens (CAVA-L) to further improve the gain and bandwidth. The proposed AVA with lens and corrugations (AVA-LC) gives a constant and high gain of 8.2 to 9 dBi. The designed AVA-LC operates from 34 to 45 GHz frequency which covers 38 GHz (37.5 to 43.5 GHz) band of 5G applications. Further, the presented AVA-LC mitigates the back lobe and sidelobe levels, resulting in FBR and efficiency improvement. The FBR is in the range of 12.2 to 22 dB, and efficiency is 99%, almost constant. The AVA-LC is fabricated on Roger's RT/duroid 5880 substrate, and it is tested to verify the simulated results. The proposed compact AVA-LC with high gain, an improved FBR, excellent efficiency, and stable radiation patterns is suitable for the 38 GHz band of 5G devices.

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Design of an Integrated Sub-6 GHz and mmWave MIMO Antenna for 5G Handheld Devices

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Textile Slotted Waveguide Antennas for Body-Centric Applications

Textile Slotted Waveguide Antennas for Body-Centric Applications

Mutual Coupling Reduction through Defected Ground Structure in Circularly Polarized, Dielectric Resonator-Based MIMO Antennas for Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications

A Constant Gain and Miniaturized Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna for 5G Communication Applications

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