A 256 K dynamic RAM

Random Skin Biopsy for Diagnosis of Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

“…This case underlines the critical role of RSB for the diagnosis of IVLBCL, which is aggressive, with rapid deterioration and involvement of organs making biopsy rather difficult. 1 Previous research suggested that RSB can be considered for early diagnosis in patients who are suspected of having IVLBCL, but it is selective and may be allowed for the diagnosis of those with neurological symptoms, cytopenia, elevated levels of LDH, and soluble interleukin-2 receptor in the absence of lymph nodes. 11 A study conducted by Matsue et al 9 among 111 patients with suspected IVLBCL reported predictors for RSB positivity: unexplained fever, alteration of consciousness, O 2 saturation #95%, platelet count ,120 • 10 9 /L, serum LDH value .…”

“…9 Positive intravascular markers CD20, CD5, BCL-2, and BCL-6 are in support of the diagnosis of IVLBCL. 1,6,[13][14][15][16] Numerous studies reported that regarding patients with unexplained fever suspected of IVLBCL, RSB is suggested to be performed before other invasive tests because of its high sensitivity, less trauma, and operation being relatively simple. 8,17 For patients suspected of having IVLBCL, RSB is recommended before brain biopsy regardless of the involvement of central nervous system.…”

“…Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL), a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, is a rare subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma characterized by selective growth of lymphoma cells within the lumen of blood vessels. 1 It occurs most often in middle-aged and older adults and presents with highly heterogeneous symptoms, including fever and hemophagocytic syndrome, and involvement of bone marrow (BM), central nervous system, and skin. 2,3 In addition, the lack of specific radiology, laboratory data, and specific biomarkers for exacerbation of IVLBCL leads to delays in diagnosis and treatment.…”

“…2,3 In addition, the lack of specific radiology, laboratory data, and specific biomarkers for exacerbation of IVLBCL leads to delays in diagnosis and treatment. 1,4,5 Most of the patients with IVLBCL were diagnosed at autopsy. 6 With the bolstered understanding of the disease and wide application of histopathological examinations on skin, BM, brain, and kidney, random skin biopsy (RSB), which benefits from its high sensitivity and specificity, is introduced for the diagnosis of IVLBCL, [7][8][9] but it is limited in the diagnosis of intravascular lymphoma associated with hemophagocytic syndrome.…”

Power supply constraints in megabit DRAMs of the future

“…The increase in i A is due to the increase in total data line capacitance, mnCD. In order to offset these capacitance increases, power reduction techniques have been employed in each generation DRAM : 16 K ; j8 was reduced by half due to a doubling of n. In addition, dynamic sense amplifiers [14] was introduced, 64 K ; power dissipation [15] was drastically reduced compared to the previous generation, by reducing the supply voltage from 12 V to 5 V while maintaining the same tREF max/n, 256 K ; tREF max was doubled while j8 remained the same [16]. However, this has not been the case with the 1 Mb generation.…”