A 2/3" 2-M pixel progressive scan FT-CCD for digital still camera applications

Bosiers, Jan T.; Kleimann, A.C.; Korthout, Laurens; Verbugt, D.W.; Peek, H.L.; Roks, E.; Heringa, A.; Vledder, F.F.; Opmeer, P.

doi:10.1109/iedm.1998.746241

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Provided that the research in tumorgenetics will be able to overcome presently existing problems of preparation, it is possible that cancer screening will be so early and safe that the cost for patient treatment will sink and the chances for patient recovery will increase. Beyond this future possibility for medical diagnostics, setups using the design, which will be described below in more detail, will also be a cost-effective and fast alternative for many of the applications for which presently more costly and slower instruments are being used Bosier et al have described an appropriate CCD sensor with 1280*1600 pixels 3 . Each pixel has an area of 5.1*5.1 um 2 .…”

Section: Speed By Parallelization Low Cost By Using More Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy with CCD Sensors Speed by Parallelization, Low Cost by Using More Electronics

Großkopf¹

2000

Microsc Microanal

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CCD sensors are able to image a few megapixels within one frame. The image is scanned electronically within the semiconductor chip (instead of mechanical-optical scanning with moving mirrors, Nipkow discs or acousto-optical devices). Through parallelization. the novel concept yields speed at an unprecedented degree for confocal imaging Routine applications requiring high speed and low costs will profit from this principle. Thus, confocal imaging technology will take the same path television technology has taken—from mechanical scanning to the broadest possible application of electronicsIn order to go this way, a pinhole matrix is used on the illumination side. It has as many pinholes and the same pitch as the pitch and number of pixels of the CCD (Figure 1). In front of the receiver, a second pinhole matrix with the same pitch and number of pinholes is used All pinholes of both matrices and the pixels of the CCD are in confocal position.

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Section: Speed By Parallelization Low Cost By Using More Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy with CCD Sensors Speed by Parallelization, Low Cost by Using More Electronics

Großkopf¹

2000

Microsc Microanal

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“…The device is processed in a transparent membrane polysilicon process CCD process [3], which was adapted for large-area devices. This technology was used before for 0-7803-9269-8/05/$20.00 (c) 2005 IEEE much smaller (< 1" image diagonal) devices for consumer DSC applications [4], but had to be optimized for use in large-area devices. The main challenges to overcome were yield, stitching and RC-times of the interconnection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 28 mega pixel large area full frame CCD with 2/spl times/2 on-chip RGB charge-binning for professional digital still imaging

Draijer

Polderdijk

Heide

et al. 2005

IEEE InternationalElectron Devices Meeting, 2005. IEDM Technical Digest.

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CCD imagers for professional digital still cameras (DSCs) require in general high resolution. However for some applications, high sensitivity and high speed are more important and can be exchanged for resolution. A concept is presented in which the resolution of the imager will be decreased in binning mode while the sensitivity and frame rates are increased. For color CCDs, the RGB Bayer color filter pattern should be preserved after charge binning without discarding charge. The first results of this new concept are presented. IntroductionA 28 Mega pixel CCD image sensor with a novel 2x2 onchip RGB charge-binning concept for the high-end digital still camera market is presented. Although the resolution of the imager will be decreased in charge binning mode, the advantages of the binning concept can be found in higher sensitivity (4x), better signal to noise ratio (2x) and increased frame rates (3-4x) for applications that are less demanding with respect to resolution. Examples are motion (sport) digital still images, low-light image capturing and auto-focus information gathering. On-chip charge binning is a common technique for monochrome CCDs [1]. However, for color CCDs it is required that the RGB Bayer color filter pattern is reconstructed after the charge binning, and preferably, this should be done without discarding any of the captured charge packets. The new binning concept presented here meets these requirements and the first evaluation results and the overall device performance are reported.

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“…Cross-color effects in the pixel are small (microlenses) and the bandsurface MOST. Table 2 compares the major performance parameters of the new 3.2M-pixel CCD with those of a similar 2M-pixel CCD presented earlier [3]. As can be seen, through the introduction of microlenses and the improvement of the amplifier conversion factor, the sensitivity can be maintained at the same level.…”

Section: Sensitivity Improvement By Optimised Output Amplifiermentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Note that in this mode, a storage section is not actually required. In monitor mode, subsampling is performed at the image-storage transition during frameshift by transporting only charge of selected lines into the storage section, and by dumping the charge of the other lines t o the n-substrate by locally using the electronic shutter [3]. Fig.…”

Section: Architecture and Basic Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity improvement in progressive-scan FT-CCDs for digital still camera applications

Kuijk

Bosiers²,

Kleimann³

et al.

International Electron Devices Meeting 2000. Technical Digest. IEDM (Cat. No.00CH37138)

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Sensitivity improvements in a 3.2M-pixel CCD image sensor developed for digital still camera applications are presented. The introduction of gap-less microlenses increases the sensitivity with 25-30% while the high angular response is maintained. With the binning possibility at the image-storage transition, the sensitivity in monitor mode can be increased. Finally the sensor output amplifier now combines low noise and excellent linearity with a much higher conversion factor. This improvement is obtained by reduced paracitic capacitances around the Floating Diffusion area. CCDS FOR DIGITAL STILL CAMERASThe pixel race in the field of digital still cameras (DSC) still continues [1,2]. To maintain acceptable consumer price levels, the image diagonal of the CCDs should not exceed 2/3" (11").Thus pixel sizes have to decrease to meet the demands of increasing resolution. Shrinking pixels also implies a reduction of sensitivity. A 3.2M-pixel FT-CCD imager is presented in which three important contributions for maintaining a high CCD sensitivity with decreasing pixel size are combined: new type of microlenses optimised for frame-transfer CCD pixels, charge binning in monitor mode while maintaining color reproduction, and an improved output amplifier combining a high conversion factor and low noise with excellent linearity.

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A 2/3" 2-M pixel progressive scan FT-CCD for digital still camera applications

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy with CCD Sensors Speed by Parallelization, Low Cost by Using More Electronics

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy with CCD Sensors Speed by Parallelization, Low Cost by Using More Electronics

A 28 mega pixel large area full frame CCD with 2/spl times/2 on-chip RGB charge-binning for professional digital still imaging

Sensitivity improvement in progressive-scan FT-CCDs for digital still camera applications

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