A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey

Abstract

Regression methods were used to select and score 12 items from the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) to reproduce the Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary scales in the general US population (n=2,333). The resulting 12-item short-form (SF-12) achieved multiple R squares of 0.911 and 0.918 in predictions of the SF-36 Physical Component Summary and SF-36 Mental Component Summary scores, respectively. Scoring algorithms from the general population used to score 12-item versions of the two components (Physical Components Summary and Mental Component Summary) achieved R squares of 0.905 with the SF-36 Physical Component Summary and 0.938 with SF-36 Mental Component Summary when cross-validated in the Medical Outcomes Study. Test-retest (2-week)correlations of 0.89 and 0.76 were observed for the 12-item Physical Component Summary and the 12-item Mental Component Summary, respectively, in the general US population (n=232). Twenty cross-sectional and longitudinal tests of empirical validity previously published for the 36-item short-form scales and summary measures were replicated for the 12-item Physical Component Summary and the 12-item Mental Component Summary, including comparisons between patient groups known to differ or to change in terms of the presence and seriousness of physical and mental conditions, acute symptoms, age and aging, self-reported 1-year changes in health, and recovery for depression. In 14 validity tests involving physical criteria, relative validity estimates for the 12-item Physical Component Summary ranged from 0.43 to 0.93 (median=0.67) in comparison with the best 36-item short-form scale. Relative validity estimates for the 12-item Mental Component Summary in 6 tests involving mental criteria ranged from 0.60 to 107 (median=0.97) in relation to the best 36-item short-form scale. Average scores for the 2 summary measures, and those for most scales in the 8-scale profile based on the 12-item short-form, closely mirrored those for the 36-item short-form, although standard errors were nearly always larger for the 12-item short-form.

Long‐term trajectories of self‐reported cognitive function in a cohort of older survivors of breast cancer: CALGB 369901 (Alliance)

“…30, 34 The median follow‐up was 4.1 years (range, 0.5‐7 years) (see Supporting Information Table 1). Nearly 41% of survivors received chemotherapy; anthracyclines were the predominant regimen (60.4%).…”

“…Premorbid physical ability, anxiety, depression, vitality, and pain were captured by Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐12 (MOS SF‐12) scores for the 2 months before diagnosis 34. We also considered settings of care (main member cancer center vs community affiliate) and year of diagnosis.…”

Race‐Sex Differences in Statin Use and Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Control Among People With Diabetes Mellitus in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study

“…Perceived need was reflected in report of having been told by a doctor they had high cholesterol and medication adherence assessed via the 4‐item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale 25. Evaluated need was reflected in diabetes mellitus severity (categorized as using insulin, using oral medications without insulin, or diet controlled; diabetes mellitus medication use was determined through the medication inventory or by self‐report); cigarette smoking (currently smoking versus not); obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 based on in‐home measures of height and weight); depressive symptoms (as indicated by a score of 4 or higher on the 4‐item Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression scale)26; high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, considered low if <50 mg/dL for women and <40 mg/dL for men1 and dichotomized as low versus not); systolic blood pressure (the average of 2 measurements taken after a seated 5‐minute rest with both feet on the floor and used as a continuous measure); functional status (using the physical component summary scale of the Short Form‐12 used as a continuous measure)27; and history of CHD (self‐reported history of myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization [coronary angioplasty or bypass surgery] or electrocardiogram evidence of a prior myocardial infarction [defined as pathological Q‐waves in 2 or more continuous electrocardiogram leads using the Minnesota code]) 28, 29…”

Health status of the advanced elderly in six european countries: results from a representative survey using EQ-5D and SF-12

“…The SF-12 is a downsized version of the 36 short form health survey (SF-36), in which a subset of 12 items/questions (of the original 36 contained within the SF-36) are used to derive a summary score for physical health (PCS score) and one for mental health (MCS score), respectively [16]. By covering the same dimensions as the SF-36, i.e.…”

“…The EQ-5D consists of two parts, the EQ-5D descriptive system and the visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS). The SF-12 is a downsized version of the SF-36, which similarly allows the derivation of a summary score for physical- and mental health, respectively [16,17]. …”