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The Occupational Integration of Male Migrants in Western European Countries: Assimilation or Persistent Disadvantage?

“…It should be noted that these countries, both with relatively rigid labour markets, are also those where the occupational penalty for the newly arrived migrants is largest. As suggested by the literature, in countries with high job security, employers are more likely to hire workers on the basis of ascriptive signals, such as gender, race or migration status (Gangl, 2003). Moreover, the same labour market regulations may decrease the number of low-paying jobs at the bottom of the occupational hierarchy, which are the jobs potentially more easily available to new immigrants.…”

Procedural justice.

“…For example, panel data demonstrate that use of fair processes (incorporating variables such as voice, neutrality, respect, and trustworthiness) at one time point increase citizens' reports of perceived legitimacy and (self-reported) compliance at a later time point ( Murphy, 2005 ). The causal directions postulated by researchers in these fi eld studies are also corroborated by laboratory experiments in which independent variables were manipulated to demonstrate causal effects with stronger internal validity (e.g., Gangl, 2003 ;Murphy, Hinds, & Fleming, 2008 ).…”

Can the use of minipublics backfire? Examining how policy adoption shapes the effect of minipublics on political support among the general public

“…This ‘voice effect’ is not necessarily limited to instances where citizens are in direct contact with decision makers themselves, and it may also occur when others do the speaking on their behalf (e.g., by lawyers in legal settings; Thibaut & Walker, 1975 ; see also Gangl, 2003 ; Ulbig, 2008 ). This is particularly relevant for minipublics, because by design these are limited in scale: Only a small number of citizens is selected to personally take part in a deliberative forum (Parkinson, 2006 ).…”

“…Yet, this is not to say that the resulting outcome can be put aside: It is important to consider whether deliberative forums affect political support irrespective of the favourability of decisions (Arnesen, 2017 ; Esaiasson et al., 2019 ; Werner & Marien, 2020 ). Multiple studies show that the way in which political decisions are arrived at matters both to winners and losers, and process effects can operate at least partially independent of outcome effects (Gangl, 2003 ; Werner & Marien, 2020 ). We therefore expect the previously hypothesised differences in political support to occur irrespective of the extent to which the adopted policies align with citizens’ preferences (i.e., across varying levels of outcome favourability).…”