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Abstract

Dengue is the most important arthropod-borne viral disease of public health significance. Compared with nine reporting countries in the 1950s, today the geographic distribution includes more than 100 countries worldwide. Many of these had not reported dengue for 20 or more years and several have no known history of the disease. The World Health Organization estimates that more than 2.5 billion people are at risk of dengue infection. First recognised in the 1950s, it has become a leading cause of child mortality in several Asian and South American countries. This paper reviews the changing epidemiology of the disease, focusing on host and societal factors and drawing on national and regional journals as well as international publications. It does not include vaccine and vector issues. We have selected areas where the literature raises challenges to prevailing views and those that are key for improved service delivery in poor countries.Shifts in modal age, rural spread, and social and biological determinants of race-and sex-related susceptibility have major implications for health services. Behavioural risk factors, individual determinants of outcome and leading indicators of severe illness are poorly understood, compromising effectiveness of control programmes. Early detection and case management practices were noted as a critical factor for survival. Inadequacy of sound statistical methods compromised conclusions on case fatality or disease-specific mortality rates, especially since the data were often based on hospitalised patients who actively sought care in tertiary centres.Well-targeted operational research, such as population-based epidemiological studies with clear operational objectives, is urgently needed to make progress in control and prevention.

Comportamiento de la mortalidad por dengue en Colombia entre 1985 y 2012

“…Patrones similares se han reportado en México (35) y Tailandia, aunque en periodos diferentes (36,37). En los grupos de más edad, el riesgo de morir aumenta y probablemente está asociado con el incremento del número de enfermedades concomitantes y con una mayor propensión a contraer infecciones en general (38,39); también se ha aducido la transición demográfica (40).…”

Correlation of disease spectrum among four Dengue serotypes: a five years hospital based study from India

“…2,3 At present, DI is endemic in over 100 countries worldwide and causes nearly 100 million cases of DF, 500,000 cases of DHF and 24,000 deaths each year. [4][5][6][7] Pathophysiological basis of hemorrhage in dengue patients still remains poorly understood. 6 A patient having DI can rapidly develop life-threatening hemorrhagic form, as early as 2 days after the onset of illness.…”

Lyapunov Function for a Dengue Transmission Model where two Species of Mosquitoes are Present: Global Stability

“…Only in the viraemic period which ranges from 2 to 12 days with an average of 4-5 days, is an infected person capable of transmitting the virus. During this period, a dengue-infected person is capable of transmitting the dengue virus to the two species (A. aegypti and A. albopictus) of vectors when they are bitten by the mosquitoes Guga-Sapir and Schimmer (2005). During the blood meal, the females ingest the dengue virus from an infectious human where the virus goes into the gut of the mosquitoes.…”