Recibido: 30/07/15; aceptado: 10/02/16 Contribución de los autores:Todos los autores participaron en el diseño del estudio, el análisis estadístico, la discusión de resultados y la redacción del manuscrito. Comportamiento de la mortalidad por dengue en Colombia entre 1985 y 2012Pablo Chaparro-Narváez, Willian León-Quevedo, Carlos Andrés Castañeda-Orjuela Introduction: Dengue in Colombia is an important public health problem due to the huge economic and social costs it has caused, especially during the disease outbreaks. Objective: To describe the behavior of dengue mortality in Colombia between 1985 and 2012. Materials and methods:We conducted a descriptive study. Information was obtained from mortality and population projection databases provided by the Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) for the 1985-2012 period. Mortality rates, rate ratios, and case fatality rates were estimated. Results: A total of 1,990 dengue deaths were registered during this period in Colombia. Dengue mortality rates presented an increasing trend with statistical significance between 1985 and 1998. Higher mortality rates were reported in men both younger than 5 years and older than 65 years. Between 1995 and 2012, category 1 to 4 municipalities reported the highest mortality rates. Case fatality rates varied during the period between 0.01% and 0.39%. Conclusion:Dengue is an avoidable disease that should disappear from mortality statistics as a cause of death. The event is avoidable if the proposed activities from the Estrategia de Gestión Integrada (EGI)-Dengue are implemented and evaluated. We recommend encouraging the development of an informational culture to contribute to decision making and prioritizing resource allocation.
Introducción. El homicidio es un indicador universal de violencia social con grandes consecuencias en salud pública. Objetivo. Describir la mortalidad por homicidios, y analizar su tendencia y su distribución geográfica en Colombia entre 1998 y 2012. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo basado en la información de las bases de datos sobre mortalidad y las proyecciones de población del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, DANE. Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad específica y ajustada por edad y sexo. Se analizó la distribución geográfica del promedio de tasas ajustadas a nivel municipal. Resultados. En Colombia se registraron 331.470 homicidios entre 1998 y 2012. La tasa cruda promedio fue de 51,5 por 100.000 habitantes: 95,9 en hombres y 8,2 en mujeres. A partir del 2003 se observó una disminución en el número de muertes y tasas de mortalidad. El 91,9 % de las víctimas fueron hombres. Las tasas de mortalidad más altas se observaron en el grupo de 20 a 29 años. El mecanismo más frecuentemente involucrado fue el arma de fuego: en ocho de cada diez homicidios en hombres y en siete de cada diez en mujeres. De los 1.122 municipios, 186 estaban en el quintil más alto y acumularon el 50,1 % de las defunciones. Conclusión. En Colombia los homicidios han sido una de las principales causas de muerte, con una distribución geográfica heterogénea y una tendencia hacia la reducción después de 2002. El análisis y la comprensión de este problema de salud pública exigen el uso de metodologías analíticas multidisciplinarias. Materials and methods:We conducted a descriptive study of deaths by homicide in Colombia between 1998 and 2012 using official mortality databases and the population projections of the Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, DANE. We calculated age-and sex-specific mortality rates, and we analyzed the geographical distribution of mean-adjusted homicide mortality rates at municipal level. Results: Between 1998 and 2012, 331,470 homicides were reported in Colombia. The mean crude rate was 51.5 per 100,000 inhabitants: 95.9 in men and 8.2 in women. Since 2003, a decrease in the number of deaths and rates was observed; 91.9% of the victims were men and the highest mortality rates were reported in the 20-29 years old group. The most frequently involved mechanism was the firearm: Eight of 10 homicides in men, and seven of 10 homicides in women. Out of 1,122 municipalities, 186 were in the highest quintile, accumulating 50.1% of all deaths. Conclusions: In Colombia, homicides have been one of the leading causes of death with a trend towards reduction since 2002. Its geographical distribution has been heterogeneous. To continue addressing this public health issue we must recur to multidisciplinary analytical methodologies for a better understanding of the phenomenon.
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