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Abstract

Trauma, disease, developmental deformities, and tumor resection frequently cause bone defects that seriously challenge the skills of orthopedic and maxillofacial surgeons. Currently, repairing osseous deficiencies involves various medical surgical techniques, including autogenous grafts, allografts, internal and external fixation devices, electrical stimulation, and alloplastic implants. The existing technology, though effective in many cases, still is beset with numerous difficulties and disadvantages. A critical need for improved treatment methods exists today. Biotechnology now provides access to new bone repair concepts via administration of protein growth and morphogenic factors. Implantable device and drug delivery system technologies also have advanced. The converging biopharmaceutical, device, and delivery technologies represent an opportunity to improve the quality of health care for individuals with orthopedic and maxillofacial deficiencies. This report reviews current concepts in fracture healing and bone repair and examines existing treatment modalities. It also addresses novel protein drugs that stimulate osseous regeneration and delivery systems for these drugs.

Physicochemical Characteristics of Bone Substitutes Used in Oral Surgery in Comparison to Autogenous Bone

“…These characteristics should be present in an ideal substitute and all bone grafting materials can be classified according to these characteristics [5]. …”

Development of tricalcium phosphate/amylopectin paste combined with recombinant human transforming growth factor beta 1 as a bone defect filler

“…In addition, teins that have been evaluated. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Selecting a carrier it is difficult to correlate the in vitro release (used during for any growth factor intended for clinical application the design of a carrier matrix) with the desirable in vivo to bone defects requires a number of criteria including, release associated with the dose that provides efficacy. (1) the incorporation method, which preserves the in-…”

Biomimetic Collagen Nanofibrous Materials for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…However, chronic donor site pain and morbidity, [45] limited availability, variable quality, potential donor site infection and longer operation times [46] have limited its use. [47,48] Allograft (human cadaver bone) is a successful alternative to autograft bone in the clinical setting, [49,50] but is associated with additional disadvantages, including potential host rejection, [51] limited supply in some locations, excessive resorption, potential disease transmission, toxicity associated with sterilization [48,52] and ethical concerns. Xenograft (animal bone) finds rather infrequent application in bone grafting owing to concerns about immunogenicity and the risk of species-to-species transmissible diseases.…”