60-GHz Four-Element Phased-Array Transmit/Receive System-in-Package Using Phase Compensation Techniques in 65-nm Flip-Chip CMOS Process

Kuo, Jing-Lin; Lu, Yi-Fong; Huang, Ting-Yi; Chang, Yi-Long; Hsieh, Yi-Keng; Peng, Pen-Jui; Chang, I. M.; Tsai, T. C.; Kao, Kun-Yao; Hsiung, Wei-Yuan; Wang, J.; Hsu, Ying-Yu; Lin, Kun-You; Lu, Hsin-Chia; Lin, Yi-Cheng; Lu, Liang-Hung; Huang, Tian-Wei; Wu, Ruey-Beei; Wang, Huei

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2011.2176508

Cited by 130 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A four element 4-bit phased-array transmit! receive system at 60 GHz is presented in [23], consuming a total power of 180mW in reception (again included power consumed by the four LNAs).…”

Section: Power Consumption Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Channel estimation and hybrid combining for mmWave: Phase shifters or switches?

Méndez-Rial

Rusu

Alkhateeb

et al. 2015

2015 Information Theory and Applications Workshop (ITA)

193

176

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Precodinglcombining and large antenna arra y s are essential in millimeter wave (mmWave) s y stems. In traditional MIMO s y stems, precodinglcombining is usuall y done digitall y at baseband with one radio frequenc y (RF) chain and one analog-to-digital converter (ADC) per antenna. The high cost and power consumption of RF chains and ADCs at mmWave frequencies make an all-digital processing approach prohibitive.When onl y a limited number of RF chains is available, h y brid architectures that split the precodinglcombining processing into the analog and digital domains are attractive. A previousl y proposed h y brid solution emplo y s phase shifters and mixers in the RF precodinglcombining stage. It obtains near optimal spectral efficiencies with a reduced number of RF channels. In this paper we propose a different h y brid architecture, which simplifies the hardware at the receiver b y replacing the phase shifters with switches. We present a new approach for compressed sensing based channel estimation for the h y brid architectures.Given the channel estimate, we propose a novel algorihtm that jointl y designs the antenna subsets selected and the baseband combining. Using power consumption calculations and achievable rates, we compare the performance of h y brid combining with antenna switching and phase shifting, showing that antenna selection is preferred in a range of operating conditions. I. INT RODUCTIONCommunication over millimeter wave (lmnWave) frequen cies [1] is the frontier for commercial wireless communication systems. Initial applications of mmWave to personal area networks (PAN) and local area networks (LAN) through the 60GHz unlicensed band are already standardized [2] and commercially available. The large bandwidths available at mmWave carrier frequencies also makes it interesting for 5G cellular systems [3], [4], [5], [6].MmWave communication requires very large multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems to provide sufficient antenna aperture. Unfortunately, at mmWave there are additional hard ware constraints that have to imposed due to the practical limitations on the cost, complexity and power consumption with the current technology [7]. Due to mixed signal and baseband processing requirements, it may not be feasible to use one complete RF chain and one DAC or ADC per antenna, so precoding and combining can not be done entirely in the baseband. For this reason, systems like IEEE 802.11ad use analog beamforming / combining and only support single stream MIMO communication.of streams requires the use of precoding and combining, mak ing functions like low complexity and low overhead channel estimation more essential.In previous work, a hybrid architecture that accounts for hardware constraints has been proposed [8], [9], resulting in precoder/combiner design algorithms that divide the op timization process into the RF and the baseband stages, and channel estimation methods that exploit the sparse nature of the mmWave channel. This architecture is based on quantized phase shifters, as illustrate...

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“…A four element 4-bit phased-array transmit! receive system at 60 GHz is presented in [23], consuming a total power of 180mW in reception (again included power consumed by the four LNAs).…”

Section: Power Consumption Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Channel estimation and hybrid combining for mmWave: Phase shifters or switches?

Méndez-Rial

Rusu

Alkhateeb

et al. 2015

2015 Information Theory and Applications Workshop (ITA)

193

176

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This analysis results in an estimated system NF of 5.4 dB and of 18.6 dB/K at 60 GHz. Resulting performances of the measured phased array can be evaluated with those works shown in the comparison table presented in [8]. Measuring the front-end block of these works, our antenna exhibits the highest front-end gain for four-element arrays due to the low-loss BFN (Butler matrix and switch network), which accounts for only 6.5 dB of insertion loss.…”

Section: Antenna Measurements and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Phased-array antennas utilize phase shifters integrated on the substrate for controlled beam steering. In [8], a CMOS Hi-Lo pass switching phase shifter is used to control a 2 2 phased array on a ceramic substrate. This device was integrated with several amplifiers to offset the high losses incurred.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A 60-GHz Active Receiving Switched-Beam Antenna Array With Integrated Butler Matrix and GaAs Amplifiers

Patterson

Khan

Ponchak

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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This paper presents for the first time a 60-GHz receiving switched-beam antenna on organic liquid crystal polymer (LCP) platform. A 4 1 quasi-Yagi array is incorporated with a 4 4 Butler matrix beamforming network and GaAs low-noise amplifiers on an LCP substrate. The active beam is controlled by GaAs single-pole-double-throw switches to access the four output states of the Butler matrix. The entire 4 1 active array is 1.4 cm 1.75 cm and consumes 1.1 W of dc power. Successful comparisons of the measured and simulated results verify a working phased array with a return loss better than 10 dB across the frequency band of 56.7-63.7 GHz. A comparison of radiation patterns demonstrate beam steering of 40 with a peak active gain of 27.5 dB. The combined antenna and receiver noise performance at 60 GHz exhibits an estimated merit of 18.6 dB/K and noise figure of 5.4 dB. Index Terms-Butler matrix, integrated circuit (IC) packaging, liquid crystal polymer (LCP), phased arrays, receiving antennas.

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“…A pair of 60-GHz four-element phased-array transmit/receive (TX/RX) system-in-package (SiP) modules in 65-nm CMOS technology are developed [1]. The design is based on the all-RF architecture with 4-bits RF switching type phase shifters (STPS), phase compensated variable gain amplifier (VGA), 4:1 Wilkinson power combining/ dividing (PC/PD) network, variable gain low noise amplifier (VGLNA), power amplifier (PA), 6-Bits Unary digital-toanalog converter (DAC), bias circuit, electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection, and digital control interface (DCI).…”

Section: -Ghz Four-element Phased-array Transmit/receive Sip Modmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent development of microwave systems and applications at National Taiwan University

Wang

2012

2012 Asia Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings

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This paper introduces the recent development of microwave systems and applications at National Taiwan University. Several millimeter-wave modules using MMIC chips and system-in-package (SiP) technology have been developed, including two V-band modules for phased-array applications and a pair of W-band transmit/receiver modules, mainly for wireless Gbps data transmission applications. Also, in order to investigate behavior of bees with colony collapse disorder (CCD), a 9.4/18.8 GHz harmonic radar is also developed. Both the design and performance of these systems will be presented. I. 60-GHZ FOUR-ELEMENT PHASED-ARRAY TRANSMIT/RECEIVE SIP MODULES IN 65-NM CMOS PROCESS WITH FLIP-CHIP INTERCONNECTA pair of 60-GHz four-element phased-array transmit/receive (TX/RX) system-in-package (SiP) modules in 65-nm CMOS technology are developed [1]. The design is based on the all-RF architecture with 4-bits RF switching type phase shifters (STPS), phase compensated variable gain amplifier (VGA), 4:1 Wilkinson power combining/ dividing (PC/PD) network, variable gain low noise amplifier (VGLNA), power amplifier (PA), 6-Bits Unary digital-toanalog converter (DAC), bias circuit, electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection, and digital control interface (DCI). The 2×2 TR phased array have been packaged with 4 antennas in a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) module and phased-array beam steering have been demonstrated. The entire beam steering functions are digitally controllable, and individual registers are integrated at each front-end to enable beam steering through the DCI. The four-element TX array results in an output P 1dB of 5 dBm per channel. The fourelement RX array results in an average gain of 25 dB per channel. The four-element array consumes 400 mW in the TX from 1-V supply voltage and 180 mW in the RX from 1.8-V and 1-V supply voltage, and occupies an area of 3.74 mm 2 in TX IC and 4.18 mm 2 in RX IC. Good agreement between simulated and measured array pattern is demonstrated.The 60-GHz SiP module packaging technology has also been developed. The Tx/Rx ICs are bonded onto LTCC substrates through flip-chip bonding and underfill process, which can be assembled onto printed circuit boards with bond wires or solder balls for further usage. Electrical characteristics of the RF signal traces from IC to antenna array are investigated. To minimize the overall path loss and crosstalk between traces with maximum operating bandwidth, different techniques are proposed for the design of flip-chip compensation, electrically identical fan-out structure, and impedance matched via transition. The antenna array is designed on the other side, opposite to the flipped chips, using the backed cavity to achieve more than 20% bandwidth and isolation design for better array performance. The radiation efficiency of antenna element may exceed 90%. Besides, 4×4 antenna arrays of low mutual coupling for 60-GHz phased-array transceiver applications are also proposed. The mutual coupling of antenna elements is addressed by incorporating the via-bas...

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60-GHz Four-Element Phased-Array Transmit/Receive System-in-Package Using Phase Compensation Techniques in 65-nm Flip-Chip CMOS Process

Cited by 130 publications

References 18 publications

Channel estimation and hybrid combining for mmWave: Phase shifters or switches?

Channel estimation and hybrid combining for mmWave: Phase shifters or switches?

A 60-GHz Active Receiving Switched-Beam Antenna Array With Integrated Butler Matrix and GaAs Amplifiers

Recent development of microwave systems and applications at National Taiwan University

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