This paper presents for the first time a 60-GHz receiving switched-beam antenna on organic liquid crystal polymer (LCP) platform. A 4 1 quasi-Yagi array is incorporated with a 4 4 Butler matrix beamforming network and GaAs low-noise amplifiers on an LCP substrate. The active beam is controlled by GaAs single-pole-double-throw switches to access the four output states of the Butler matrix. The entire 4 1 active array is 1.4 cm 1.75 cm and consumes 1.1 W of dc power. Successful comparisons of the measured and simulated results verify a working phased array with a return loss better than 10 dB across the frequency band of 56.7-63.7 GHz. A comparison of radiation patterns demonstrate beam steering of 40 with a peak active gain of 27.5 dB. The combined antenna and receiver noise performance at 60 GHz exhibits an estimated merit of 18.6 dB/K and noise figure of 5.4 dB. Index Terms-Butler matrix, integrated circuit (IC) packaging, liquid crystal polymer (LCP), phased arrays, receiving antennas.
This paper presents for the first time an X-band antenna array with integrated silicon germanium low noise amplifiers (LNA) and 3-bit phase shifters (PS). LNAs and PSs were successfully integrated onto an 8 2 lightweight antenna utilizing a multilayer liquid crystal polymer (LCP) feed substrate laminated with a duroid antenna layer. A baseline passive 8 2 antenna is measured along with a SiGe integrated 8 2 receive antenna for comparison of results. The active antenna array weighs only 3.5 ounces and consumes 53 mW of dc power. Successful comparisons of the measured and simulated results verify a working phased array with a return loss better than 10 dB across the frequency band of 9.25 GHz-9.75 GHz. A comparison of radiation patterns for the 8 2 baseline antenna and the 8 2 SiGe integrated antenna show a 25 dB increase in gain (1 ). The SiGe integrated antenna demonstrated a predictable beam steering capability of 41 . Combined antenna and receiver performance yielded a merit of 9 1 dB K and noise figure of 5.6 dB.
High-resolution triple-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements have been performed on a single crystal sample of Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy. Incommensurate satellites corresponding to a modulation 0.211(2)b*+c* have been observed up to second order. No change in the magnitude of the modulation was seen as the crystal was cooled through Tc ( approximately 85 K) down to 16 K. The relative intensities and widths of the incommensurate satellites provide information on the origin of the superstructure.
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