5G 3GPP-Like Channel Models for Outdoor Urban Microcellular and Macrocellular Environments

Abstract

For the development of new 5G systems to operate in bands up to 100 GHz, there is a need for accurate radio propagation models at these bands that currently are not addressed by existing channel models developed for bands below 6 GHz. This document presents a preliminary overview of 5G channel models for bands up to 100 GHz. These have been derived based on extensive measurement and ray tracing results across a multitude of frequencies from 6 GHz to 100 GHz, and this document describes an initial 3D channel model which includes: 1) typical deployment scenarios for urban microcells (UMi) and urban macrocells (UMa), and 2) a baseline model for incorporating path loss, shadow fading, line of sight probability, penetration and blockage models for the typical scenarios. Various processing methodologies such as clustering and antenna decoupling algorithms are also presented.

An Empirical Outdoor-to-Indoor Path Loss Model From Below 6 GHz to cm-Wave Frequency Bands

“…The proposed outdoor-to-indoor path loss model formulation is given in (1). As an extension of the 3GPP [7,9] and ITU-R [8] models, it follows the same principles, splitting the overall outdoor-to-indoor path loss (P L) in outdoor path loss (P L out ), external wall attenuation (P L wall,ext ) and indoor path loss (P L in ).…”

“…C HANNEL modeling for frequency bands above 6 GHz is gaining momentum [1]. The scarcity of available bandwidth allocations in the lower part of the radio spectrum and the need for larger continuous bandwidths in the future broadband communication systems have moved the focus of the radio propagation research activities to higher frequency bands.…”

“…The scarcity of available bandwidth allocations in the lower part of the radio spectrum and the need for larger continuous bandwidths in the future broadband communication systems have moved the focus of the radio propagation research activities to higher frequency bands. While most of the effort so far have been concentrated on characterizing outdoor and indoor propagation, the more complex outdoor-to-indoor propagation is still quite unexplored for these new bands [1].…”

“…More in particular, old buildings (or buildings in hot climatic areas) made of light construction materials with thin walls and singlelayered clear glass windows present a much lower impact on signal propagation than modern buildings (or highly-insulated buildings in cold areas). Modern and energy-efficient constructions are typically composed of thick walls made of heavily reinforced materials combined with metal-coated multi-layer windows, and can introduce up to 30-40 dB additional losses even at low frequencies [1][2][3]. The attenuation introduced by the external walls is typically modeled as a constant value, and there are plenty of studies reported in the literature providing such values for particular frequencies.…”

“…These additional indoor losses appear to be rather weakly frequency-dependent but strongly dependent on the interior characteristics of the building [1]. Similar to the penetration loss case, there is a lack of studies providing insight into the multi-frequency behavior of the indoor part of the outdoor-to-indoor radio channel.…”