An Empirical Outdoor-to-Indoor Path Loss Model From Below 6 GHz to cm-Wave Frequency Bands

Rodríguez, Inés González; Nguyen, Huan Cong; Kovács, István Z.; Sørensen, Troels B.; Mogensen, Preben

doi:10.1109/lawp.2016.2633787

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The "path loss exponent" in Table 2 indicates a minimal difference in the path loss exponent for the two frequency bands. This observation is in line with what was experienced in [8,10,28]. In [8], a multi-frequency (0.8 GHz to 28 GHz) path loss model for external wall attenuation and indoor propagation was presented.…”

Section: Rms Delay Spreadsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…This observation is in line with what was experienced in [8,10,28]. In [8], a multi-frequency (0.8 GHz to 28 GHz) path loss model for external wall attenuation and indoor propagation was presented. For the indoor propagation, the measurement results show that the linear attenuation factor (similar to the path loss exponent) is not very sensitive to the frequency.…”

Section: Rms Delay Spreadsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Measurement and Analysis of Channel Characteristics in Reflective Environments at 3.6 GHz and 14.6 GHz

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Recently, high frequency bands (above 6 GHz) have attracted more attention for the next generation communication systems due to the limited frequency resources below 6 GHz. To reveal the influence of frequency on propagation channels, channel characterization results at 14.6 and 3.6 GHz bands based on measurements in an indoor scenario and in a reverberation chamber are presented. The measurement results indicate minimal differences in path loss exponents, shadow fading standard deviation, root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread and coherence bandwidth for the two frequency bands, while the path loss at 14.6 GHz band is clearly larger than that at the 3.6 GHz band. Furthermore, the underlying factors that influence the channel characteristics are investigated. It is found that the RMS delay spread is independent of the frequency in the scenario where free space propagation and/or reflection are the main mechanisms. Measurements in the reverberation chamber verify this inference.

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Section: Rms Delay Spreadsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Rms Delay Spreadsupporting

confidence: 87%

Measurement and Analysis of Channel Characteristics in Reflective Environments at 3.6 GHz and 14.6 GHz

et al. 2017

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“…Ref. [10] investigates the penetration loss for external and internal walls at different carrier frequencies ranging from 0.8 GHz to 28 GHz, and proposes a linear model for frequency dependency of the penetration loss. In [11], the authors present results for penetration loss and reflection coefficient measurements for different types of building materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor to Indoor Penetration Loss at 28 GHz for Fixed Wireless Access

Bas

Wang

Choi

et al. 2018

2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

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This paper present the results from a 28 GHz channel sounding campaign performed to investigate the effects of outdoor to indoor penetration on the wireless propagation channel characteristics for an urban microcell in a fixed wireless access scenario. The measurements are performed with a realtime channel sounder, which can measure path loss up to 169 dB, and equipped with phased array antennas that allows electrical beam steering for directionally resolved measurements in dynamic environments. Thanks to the short measurement time and the excellent phase stability of the system, we obtain both directional and omnidirectional channel power delay profiles without any delay uncertainty. For outdoor and indoor receiver locations, we compare path loss, delay spreads and angular spreads obtained for two different types of buildings.

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“…Consequently, the MulteFire Alliance, which was formed in 2015 to enable operation of LTE-based technology in unlicensed bands [5], is currently evaluating whether the 3GPP IoT technologies can be deployed in unlicensed bands. Contrary to the 20 MHz LTE-like version of MulteFire 1.0.1 in 5 GHz [5], the Alliance is looking towards lower frequency bands, preferably < 1 GHz, to improve the coverage and reduce the outdoor-to-indoor penetration loss [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of deploying wireless Internet of Things in the unlicensed European 865–868 MHz band

Lauridsen¹,

Frederiksen²,

Rodríguez

2019

2019 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)

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The European Commission has made the unlicensed 865-868 MHz band available for deployment of wireless Internet of Things. The band is mainly used by RFID systems, but the current activity levels are unknown. In this paper, the in-band power levels are measured in five areas. The measurements show that RFID interrogators emit high-power single tone-like signals in four subbands, when active. Most signals are 0.4 s long, but it differs whether the subbands are used in a coordinated way or not. In some areas the RFID systems use a single subband about 80 % of the time, while in other areas two to three subbands are occupied simultaneously 65-80 % of the time. The measurements are used to evaluate the performance of a narrowband wireless Internet of Things technology, if it were to be deployed in the 865-868 MHz band. Specifically, the measurements serve as interference input in a calculation of error rate probability. If the least interfered subband is always selected for the wireless Internet of Things transmission the error rate is 0 % for desired signals up to −115 dBm, while if the subband with highest average interference is used, the error rate is up to 7.5 % and at least 25 % at −100 dBm and −120 dBm, respectively.

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An Empirical Outdoor-to-Indoor Path Loss Model From Below 6 GHz to cm-Wave Frequency Bands

Cited by 35 publications

References 7 publications

Measurement and Analysis of Channel Characteristics in Reflective Environments at 3.6 GHz and 14.6 GHz

Measurement and Analysis of Channel Characteristics in Reflective Environments at 3.6 GHz and 14.6 GHz

Outdoor to Indoor Penetration Loss at 28 GHz for Fixed Wireless Access

Feasibility of deploying wireless Internet of Things in the unlicensed European 865–868 MHz band

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