50. Arabic Dialects (general article)

Abstract

Teaching Arabic in the United States. In: K. Wahba, Z. Taha and E. England (eds.). A Handbook for Arabic Language Teaching Professionals in the 21 st Century (Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates) 13Ϫ20. Wahba, K. 2006 Arabic language use and the educated language user. In: K. Wahba, Z. Taha and E. England (eds.). A Handbook for Arabic Language Teaching Professionals in the 21 st Century (Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates) 139Ϫ156. Karin C. Ryding, Georgetown (USA) 50. Arabic Dialects (general article) 1. Introduction 2. Geographical areas 3. Documentation of Arabic dialects 4. Comparative studies of linguistic issues 5. Introductions to modern Arabic dialects 6. Arabic before the spread of Islam 7. The relationship between ancient Arabic and modern Arabic dialects 8. Features of modern Arabic dialects as universal tendencies 9. Features of modern Arabic dialects as grammaticalisation 10. Evidence for a polygenetic explanation 11. The classification of Arabic dialects 12 The linguistic typology of Arabic dialects 13. Conclusion 14. References

The phonology and micro-typology of Arabic R

“…Various Arabic consonants, with recognizably diverse reflexes, have been studied from a typological perspective; for example, the interdentals /θ, ð/, uvular /q/, velar /k/, affricate /ʤ/, but never R (see Holes 1995;Versteegh 1997;Watson 2011). The lack of dialect maps or isoglosses that demarcate variants of Arabic R does not reflect a denial of variation, but rather the fact that R's behavior displays seemingly random variation and rarely conforms to clear-cut divisions.…”

Classical Standard Arabic Versus Modern Standard Arabic:A theoretical Framework اللغة العربیة الفصحى مقابل اللغة العربیة الفصحى الحدیثة:إطار نظری

“…A number of MSA phonemes dialectal pronunciation has been realigned as allophonic variants over the Arabophone countries. The common variations may have the following: first, the MSA voiceless uvular plosive ‫/ق/‬ /q/ has three reflexes in Arabic dialects: a glottal stop ['], [g], and [dj]; hence, the word ṭarīq [road], for instance, is pronounced in main cities of Egypt and Levant /tarī'/, and pronounced as /tarīdj/, /tarīdz/ or even /tarīg/ in Iraq and most Gulf countries (Holes, 2004;Kaye and Rosenhouse, 2006;Watson, 2011). Second, MSA ‫/ج/‬ /j/ has three main reflexes: [ǧ], [g], and [j].…”

“…In addition to their existence in loanwords, there are a number of Arabic dialects that developed the pronunciation of the voiceless /p/ or /v/ sounds in native words. For example, Moroccan Arabic has the word Java [inside] and Yemenite Arabic has the word sapāk [pipe fitter] (Holes, 2004;Kaye and Rosenhouse, 2006;Watson, 2011).…”

“…Blanc (1984) argues, with regards to communal classification, that Arabic-speaking countries represent a spectrum that goes from existence to complete absence of communal dialects employed by various ethnic or religious groups. Nevertheless, Watson (2011) mentioned that this spectrum might demonstrate that these particular communities lived detached lives, as protected minorities, actually these communities adapted to the dialect of the predominant group in public places. Bateson (2004) gave an example for the Christians and Jews of Baghdad, they use their dialect at home while adapting to the Muslim dialect in public places.…”

“…A similar case exists in Bahrain, as the Shi'ite majority adapts to the dialect of the predominant Sunnis in group communication. Watson (2011) stated that lifestyle classification is concerned with old dialects, since, in the situation of modern dialects, it has been manifested to be of diminishing sociological fitting and an oversimplification. It somehow sophisticated to associate some linguistic aspects as universally Bedouin or sedentary since the feature which is considered as a Bedouin in one region could be considered as a geographical marker in another.…”