5 The French Front National: Organizational Change and Adaptation from Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen

Ivaldi, Gilles; Lanzone, Maria Elisabetta

doi:10.1057/978-1-137-58197-6_6

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Hence, despite the resignations in recent years of the charismatic founder-leaders of these parties, Jean-Marie Le Pen and Umberto Bossi, each party has gone on to enjoy considerable rises in support at elections and/or in polls under new leaders. We also know from work on these parties that they have had far better developed grassroots organizations than FI/PDL or PUP (Ivaldi and Lanzone, 2016;McDonnell and Vampa, 2016). Moreover, other research has found that, in the case of the LN, even when Bossi was utterly dominant in the party and viewed as 'charismatic', members certainly did not think that the party would fail to survive him (McDonnell, 2016).…”

Section: Personal Parties Have Light Organizations and Lack A Permanementioning

confidence: 99%

Inside the personal party: Leader-owners, light organizations and limited lifespans

Kefford

McDonnell

2018

The British Journal of Politics and International Relations

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Scholars in recent decades have discussed the emergence of a new leader-dominated party type, variously described as ‘personal’, ‘personalistic’ and ‘personalist’. However, there has been no original comparative research examining whether (and how) such parties resemble one another organizationally and whether they constitute a distinct organizational type. This article does so by comparing the parties of Silvio Berlusconi in Italy and Clive Palmer in Australia. Based on interviews with those in the parties and party documents, we find our cases share two distinctive organizational features: (1) the founder-leader’s dominance of the party and perceived centrality to its survival and (2) the relationship between the party and members saw active members discouraged and organization at the local level was extremely limited/non-existent. Building on this analysis, we then propose three criteria for identifying other personal parties and point to the existence of a possible subtype. We conclude that the emergence of personal parties requires us to reconsider our understanding of contemporary party organizations in advanced democracies.

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Section: Personal Parties Have Light Organizations and Lack A Permanementioning

confidence: 99%

Inside the personal party: Leader-owners, light organizations and limited lifespans

Kefford

McDonnell

2018

The British Journal of Politics and International Relations

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“…This law was defined by the media as the first step towards 'Venexit' xx , since a referendum will also be called to increase the autonomy of the Veneto region. Salvini will probably face the challenge of reconciling these re-emerging centrifugal pressures with his idea of creating an Italian Front National, which, as the French case illustrates, is not particularly supportive of decentralization and regional autonomy [Ivaldi and Lanzone 2016].…”

Section: The Northern League Until October 2016: Losing Political Momentum?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Matteo Salvini's Northern League in 2016

Vampa¹

2017

Italian Politics

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Matteo Salvini's Northern League in 2016: between stasis and new opportunities2016 may be regarded as a year of transition for the Northern League. After reaching one of the lowest points in its history in 2012 and 2013, under Matteo Salvini's leadership the League has since then experienced a period of recovery and significant electoral successes. In 2015 many commentators expected that the Northern League would replace Forza Italia (FI), Silvio Berlusconi's party, as the largest party of the centre-right and Salvini would be the candidate to challenge Matteo Renzi as Prime Minister. Yet the 2016 local elections seem to mark a slowdown in the political expansion of the party. Salvini's popularity did not grow further and even started to decline. At the same time, the success of Donald Trump in the US, the outcome of the constitutional referendum in December 2016 (see chapter X by Martin Bull), and Matteo Renzi's eventual defeat and resignation as Prime Minister, may open new opportunities for the party and Salvini's leadership.It is still too early to say whether, as a consequence of the referendum results, the League will follow a trajectory of further expansion after a period of stasis. To be sure, the party still needs to overcome two important structural constraints, which became evident during the local elections. The first one is its difficulty to expand its electoral and organisational reach to the regions of southern Italy, thus becoming a fully national(-ised) party. The second one is the new increase in electoral support for the 5 Star Movement (M5S), with which the League competes to attract the so-called anti-system or protest vote. More generally, the bloc which opposes the governmental camp is very crowded and fragmented and this poses some challenges to Salvini's populist project. This chapter starts from an overview of the new political profile of the Northern League under Salvini's leadership. It then moves to a discussion of its electoral campaign and alliance strategies in the 2016 local elections. An analysis of electoral results and trends in opinion polls from 2013 to 2016 is followed by a section which focuses on the challenges that the League had to face after the local elections. The concluding section highlights the new opportunities arising from Trump's victory in the US and Renzi's defeat in the constitutional referendum at the end of the year. Changing political identity under Salvini's leadershipSince 2014 Matteo Salvini has developed a strategy based on two key objectives: transforming the Northern League into a national party, thus downplaying the ideological and organisational paradigms of regionalism and federalism; and subverting the political hierarchies within the centre-right, by challenging the leading role of a declining Forza Italia.The Northern League has undergone a profound process of organisational and ideological transformation. At first sight, even after moving from Umberto Bossi to Matteo Salvini , the party seems to have remained a fundamentally leadership-based, ...

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“…This effect increases over time (and the paper does not include the 2017 presidential elections, where Le Pen secured 21.3% in the first round and 33.9% in the second round). Marine Le Pen's strategy to move the National Front's manifesto away from the free market toward redistributive and protectionist policies seems to have paid off (Ivaldi and Lanzone 2016). The main empirical strategy for identifying the impact of technology on populism is similar to the one employed in the literature on trade.…”

Section: Europe: Country Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Political Economy of Populism

Guriev

Papaioannou

2022

Journal of Economic Literature

183

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We synthesize the literature on the recent rise of populism. First, we discuss definitions and present descriptive evidence on the recent increase in support for populists. Second, we cover the historical evolution of populist regimes since the late nineteenth century. Third, we discuss the role of secular economic factors related to cross-border trade and automation. Fourth, we review studies on the role of the 2008–09 global financial crisis and subsequent austerity, connect them to historical work covering the Great Depression, and discuss likely mechanisms. Fifth, we discuss studies on identity politics, trust, and cultural backlash. Sixth, we discuss economic and cultural consequences of growth in immigration and the recent refugee crisis. We also discuss the gap between perceptions and reality regarding immigration. Seventh, we review studies on the impact of the internet and social media. Eighth, we discuss the literature on the implications of populism’s recent rise. We conclude outlining avenues for further research. (JEL D72, E32, G01, J15, N30, N40, Z13)

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5 The French Front National: Organizational Change and Adaptation from Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen

Cited by 26 publications

References 12 publications

Inside the personal party: Leader-owners, light organizations and limited lifespans

Inside the personal party: Leader-owners, light organizations and limited lifespans

Matteo Salvini's Northern League in 2016

The Political Economy of Populism

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