“…The modeling theory that is used with this purpose is based on a model that is founded on scientific theory (Halloun, 2004b(Halloun, , 2006. After mental models are created through analogical reasoning and building structural equations, mental models are expressed using causal diagrams (Satchwell, 1996;Seel, 2001Seel, , 2003Ünal-Çoban, 2009). Modeling-based science education allows students to understand subjects by making correlations and solving the problems they have, and developing ideas about these subjects with scientific methods (Lehrer, & Schauble, 2005;Schwarz, & White, 2005;Windschitl, Rose, Stalkfleet, & Smith, 2008).…”