4-Methyl-5-Nonanol (Ferrugineol) as an aggregation pheromone of the coconut pest, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)^osynthesis and use in a preliminary field assay

Abstract

4-Methyl-5-nonanol (ferrugineol), the more attractive component of the aggregation pheromone of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was synthesized by a Grianard reaction with -butylmagnesiumbromide and 2-methyl-1-pentanal. Oxidation of 2-methyl-lpentanol in pyridinium chlorochromate wasused toobtain 2-methyl-1-pentanal.The overall-yield of the synthesis from 2-methyl-1-pentanol was 6i%. At a release rate of 0.38 f 0.08 mg synthetic ferrugineol per day from capillaries suspended in bucket traps filled with soap water, significantly more weevils were caught compared to a control trap (0.23 + 0.04 weevils/trap/day vs 0.00 weevils/trap/day respectively) in the field. Significant differences were not observed between male and female trap catches using ferrugineol as a bait (0.12 * 0.02Itraplday and 0.11 f O.Ol/trap/day respectively). Ferrugineol remained attractive to weevils for a t least 60 d. The weevil response to the bait was observed only between 1800-2000 and 0600-0800 h. In a comparative field assay of synthetic ferrugineol with the coconut bark steam distillate, a known attractant for the red weevil, ferrugineol attracted signiticantly more weevils than the latter (0.25 k 0.12 weevils/trap/day vs 0.06 k 0.04 weevils/trap/day, p<0.05).

Feeding Potential of Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus on Different Date Palm, Phoenix Dactylifera Varieties Under Field Conditions

“…According to Gunawardena and Bandarage [26] the male of Red Palm Weevil produced a pheromone which cause the weevil to aggregate on damaged tree we have also found the adult male and female in the tree crown, upper barks of the trunk and at the base of petioles, from where they can bore into the trunk of young palm and the decaying tissue of dying palms.…”

Control of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790) according to EU Decision 2007/365/EC in the Marche region (Central‐Eastern Italy)

“…Ferrugineol is highly attractive to weevils in the field, particularly in combination with a food source (Hallett et al. , 1993; Gunawardena & Bandarage, 1995). Traps were placed in the soil and checked every 7–10 days for adult captures from mid‐April to mid‐November.…”

Evaluation Studies of Some Extracted Substances From Date Palm Tissues on Its Attracting Potential of The Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

“…In the field, the male of RPW produces a pheromone which causes the weevils to aggregate on damage trees (Gunawardena and Bandarage, 1995). The larvae can only feed on soft tissue, tree crown, and upper part of the trunk and at the base of petioles.…”