3D Two-Hop Cellular Networks With Wireless Backhauled UAVs: Modeling and Fundamentals

Banagar, Morteza; Dhillon, Harpreet S.

doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3149213

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The optimal altitude of a single UAV for coverage maximization was studied in [11], and extended to multiple UAV scenarios with directional antennas in [12]. The performance of wireless networks, including UAVs, was extensively analyzed using the stochastic geometry tool in [13]- [23]. The authors in [13] derived an analytical expression for the coverage probability in a uniformly distributed UAV-assisted network, while considering the impact of building height on LOS probability.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the performance of IRS-mounted UAVs deployed in the network to improve link quality between the BS and serving GUEs was analyzed in [22]. The performance of a UAV network underlaid by a terrestrial network with wireless backhaul and directional antennas was presented in [23]. The presented state-of-the-art network either considers a single-tier scenario with a simplified A2G channel model or a single-mounted antenna at a terrestrial ground BS.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Massive MIMO Assisted Aerial-Terrestrial Network: How Many UAVs Need to Be Deployed?

Ullah¹,

Choi²

2022

Preprint

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The deployment of new airborne small cells in conjunction with an existing network equipped with a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system can be a promising solution to meet the high throughput and coverage needs of future networks. In this study, we present the potential benefits of deploying a large number of antenna elements in downlink vertical heterogeneous cellular networks (VHCNets). The network model consists of a terrestrial base station (TBS) with an array of massive antenna elements and an aerial base station (ABS) with a single antenna to provide connectivity for ground user equipment (GUEs). The locations of the TBS and ABS are modeled as two-dimensional and three-dimensional Poisson point processes, respectively. An appropriate air-to-ground channel model encompasses both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication between GUEs and ABS. Using the concepts of stochastic geometry, the performance of the VHCNet was analyzed in terms of coverage probability, area spectral efficiency, and average ergodic rate. The approximated expressions for these performance metrics were validated using Monte Carlo simulations, and a close match was observed between the analytical and simulated results. Based on the simulation results, subsequent use of a massive number of antennas at TBSs in conjunction with ABSs in the VHCNet can improve the overall performance of the network. <br>

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Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Massive MIMO Assisted Aerial-Terrestrial Network: How Many UAVs Need to Be Deployed?

Ullah¹,

Choi²

2022

Preprint

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Section: B Literature Review and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, UAV-based mmWave backhaul links have been studied in [8]- [21]. For instance, a 3D two-hop scheme is proposed in [8], [9] wherein a user is connected to a base station (BS) by using a UAV-based backhaul link. In particular, the authors studied the performance of the considered network in both amplify-andforward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying protocols by considering realistic antenna radiation patterns for both BSs and UAVs based on practical models developed by 3GPP.…”

Section: B Literature Review and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Long mmWave Aerial Backhaul Links via Fixed-Wing UAVs: Performance and Design

Dabiri¹,

Hasna²,

Khattab³

2022

Preprint

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We propose a fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)-based millimeter wave (mmWave) backhaul links, that is offered as a cost effective and easy to deploy solution, to connect a disaster or remote area to the nearest core network. First, we fully characterize the single relay fixed-wing UAVbased communication system by taking into account the effects of realistic physical parameters, such as the UAV's circular path, critical points of the flight path, heights and positions of obstacles, flight altitude, tracking error, the severity of UAV's vibrations, the real 3D antenna pattern, mmWave atmospheric channel loss, temperature and air pressure. Second, we derive the distribution of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) metric, which is based on the sum of a series of Dirac delta functions. Using the SNR distribution, we derive closed-form expressions for the outage probability and the ergodic capacity of the considered system as a function of all system parameters. To provide an acceptable quality of service for longer link lengths, we extend the analytical expressions to a multi-relay system. The accuracy of the closed-form expressions are verified by Monte-Carlo simulations. Finally, by providing sufficient simulation results, we investigate the effects of key channel parameters such as antenna pattern gain and flight path on the performance of the considered system; and we carefully analyze the relationships between these parameters in order to maximize the average channel capacity.

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“…7] motivated many researchers to redefine and solve fundamental communication-theoretic problems under a more realistic impairments-aware channel model [11], [28]- [35]. For instance, the authors in [28] quantified the aggregate effect of hardware impairments on two-hop relaying systems [36]- [38] and obtained closed-form expressions for the outage probability in these networks. In [29], the authors analytically proved that the capacity of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel will be limited when hardware impairments are assumed, which signifies the fundamental impact of these impairments on the wireless channel.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals of Wobbling and Hardware Impairments-Aware Air-to-Ground Channel Model

Banagar¹,

Dhillon²

2022

Preprint

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In this paper, we develop an impairments-aware air-to-ground unified channel model that incorporates the effect of both wobbling and hardware impairments, where the former is caused by random physical fluctuations of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and the latter by intrinsic radio frequency (RF) nonidealities at both the transmitter and receiver, such as phase noise, in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) imbalance, and power amplifier (PA) nonlinearity. The impact of UAV wobbling is modeled by two stochastic processes, i.e., the canonical Wiener process and the more realistic sinusoidal process. On the other hand, the aggregate impact of all hardware impairments is modeled as two multiplicative and additive distortion noise processes, which is a well-accepted model. For the sake of generality, we consider both wide-sense stationary (WSS) and nonstationary processes for the distortion noises. We then rigorously characterize the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the wireless channel, using which we provide a comprehensive analysis of four key channel-related metrics: (i) power delay profile (PDP), (ii) coherence time, (iii) coherence bandwidth, and (iv) power spectral density (PSD) of the distortion-plusnoise process. Furthermore, we evaluate these metrics with reasonable UAV wobbling and hardware impairment models to obtain useful insights. Quite noticeably, we demonstrate that even for small UAV wobbling, the coherence time severely degrades at high frequencies, which renders air-to-ground channel estimation very difficult at these frequencies. To the best of our understanding, this is the first work that characterizes the joint impact of UAV wobbling and hardware impairments on the air-to-ground wireless channel.

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3D Two-Hop Cellular Networks With Wireless Backhauled UAVs: Modeling and Fundamentals

Cited by 31 publications

References 51 publications

Massive MIMO Assisted Aerial-Terrestrial Network: How Many UAVs Need to Be Deployed?

Massive MIMO Assisted Aerial-Terrestrial Network: How Many UAVs Need to Be Deployed?

Enabling Long mmWave Aerial Backhaul Links via Fixed-Wing UAVs: Performance and Design

Fundamentals of Wobbling and Hardware Impairments-Aware Air-to-Ground Channel Model

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