2015
DOI: 10.1080/17452759.2015.1097054
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3D printing of smart materials: A review on recent progresses in 4D printing

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Cited by 733 publications
(415 citation statements)
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“…In addition, most responsive materials only respond to one type of external stimulus. For tissue engineering applications, printed scaffolds need to adapt to complicated microenvironments of within the human body [134,138] . Therefore, the future of 4D printing requires a stronger focus on microscale controllability over the shape, orientation, or biocompatibility of printed structures.…”
Section: D Printingmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…In addition, most responsive materials only respond to one type of external stimulus. For tissue engineering applications, printed scaffolds need to adapt to complicated microenvironments of within the human body [134,138] . Therefore, the future of 4D printing requires a stronger focus on microscale controllability over the shape, orientation, or biocompatibility of printed structures.…”
Section: D Printingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They are also valuable model systems for stimuli-responsive smart materials, also known as 4D printing. 4D printing involves materials that are responsive to external stimuli such as electricity, light, ions, temperature, and water, such that the preprinted 3D configuration changes over time [92,[134][135][136][137][138] . In general, shape memory polymers (SMPs) are popularly used for the 4D printing which have permanent shape by a cross-linked polymer network, and can be deformed into a temporary shape via reversible interactions between the networks.…”
Section: D Printingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Maturation of complex constructs of tissue (cell-laden microgels) after printing through cellular coating, self-organization of the cells, and/or gradual matrix deposition and leading to forming functional constructs of tissue within a particular time duration. 31,32 The comparison of conventional and 3D printing techniques is given in Table 1. printed a bioconstruct composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/ polycaprolactone (PCL) having chondrocytes and demonstrated the printing of ear-shaped bioconstructs by using this mixture of materials.…”
Section: 28-30mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is always promoted as a major form of innovation in many industries, but in fact, research on the topic to date extends for almost 4 decades [1]. The technology application with the construction Industry is attracting field specialist interest day after day for the last few years, aiming to develop a giant scale 3D printer which could print the whole or a part of construction buildings, theoretically in any form or design [2].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%