Emergence of Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering: A Mini Review

Abstract

Tissue regeneration of damaged tissues or complete reconstruction of the organs is the major concern in the human health-care-systems. The role of scaffold, cell, and growth factors decide the final fate of engineered tissues similar to native tissues depending on how they are formulated, arranged and fabricated. In the last decade, 3D printing technique has attracted a great attention to print scaffolds quickly, efficiently, and mass production of fabricated scaffolds with reproducibility as compared to conventional techniques. Further, based on this concept, 3D bioprinting followed by 4D bioprinting have emerged by precise positioning of biomaterials, cells, and biochemical with spatial control in making 3D bio-construct. In this mini-review, the overview of the basic principles of emerged bioprinting techniques, applications, limitations and future perspectives in tissue engineering field are precisely reviewed.

Smart Materials for Biomedical Applications: The Usefulness of Shape-Memory Polymers

“…The development and translation of smart materials for 4D bioprinting technology in biomedicine should be based on evidences as well as on the implementation of the key parameters to print [101]. This technique is opening a new door in medical engineering and will serve as a toolbox to solve medical problems, taking its advantages in spite of its limitations and challenges [5,101,102].…”

Raw Materials, Technology, Healthcare Applications, Patent Repository and Clinical Trials on 4D Printing Technology: An Updated Review

“…It is essential to produce biocompatible smart materials which should not be constrained in their compatibility and have the capacity to provide complete functioning with diverse tissue and stimuli systems [ 95 ]. The next generation of smart biomedical tools must experience complex motions in order to function more successfully within the human body.…”

4D printing of materials for the future: Opportunities and challenges

“…There is a need to develop biocompatible smart materials which do not have limited compatibility and can provide full functionality with multiple tissue and stimuli system [191]. The next iteration of smart biomedical devices should be able to undergo complex movements, enabling them to work more effectively inside the human body.…”