“…In the field of maxillofacial surgery, 3D printing has been widely used in many aspects such as mandibular reconstruction, facial reconstruction, skull surgery, orthognathic surgery, and temporomandibular joint reconstruction ( Steinbacher, 2015 ; Ritschl et al, 2016 ; Louvrier et al, 2017 ; Roos et al, 2020 ). In addition to the anatomical model mentioned earlier, 3D objects increasingly served as surgery (cutting, drilling, and positioning) guides, occlusal splints, personalized implants (bone plates, bone reconstruction components, etc.…”