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Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the immediate loading of one-piece, unsplinted, DMLS titanium mini-implants by means of ball attachment-supported mandibular ODs is a successful treatment procedure. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to confirm these results.

This report documents the clinical, radiographic, and histologic outcome of a custom-made computer-aided-design/computer-aided-manufactured (CAD/CAM) scaffold used for the alveolar ridge augmentation of a severely atrophic anterior mandible. Computed tomographic (CT) images of an atrophic anterior mandible were acquired and modified into a 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction model; this was transferred to a CAD program, where a custom-made scaffold was designed. CAM software generated a set of tool-paths for the manufacture of the scaffold on a computer-numerical-control milling machine into the exact shape of the 3D design. A custom-made scaffold was milled from a synthetic micromacroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) block. The scaffold closely matched the shape of the defect: this helped to reduce the time for the surgery and contributed to good healing. One year later, newly formed and well-integrated bone was clinically available, and two implants (AnyRidge, MegaGen, Gyeongbuk, South Korea) were placed. The histologic samples retrieved from the implant sites revealed compact mature bone undergoing remodelling, marrow spaces, and newly formed trabecular bone surrounded by residual BCP particles. This study demonstrates that custom-made scaffolds can be fabricated by combining CT scans and CAD/CAM techniques. Further studies on a larger sample of patients are needed to confirm these results.

We present a CAD/CAM technique for the fabrication of custom-made block grafts for sinus augmentation.

BackgroundScientific evidence showed that rapid maxillary expansion (RME) affects naso-maxillary complex, increasing nasal width and volume. This study aimed to evaluate nasal changes induced by rapid maxillary expansion with different anchorage and appliance design by using low dose and cone beam computed tomography.MethodsA total of 44 patients (20 males, mean age 8y 8 m ± 1y 2 m; 24 females mean age 8y 2 m ± 1y 4 m) were included in the investigation and divided into three groups according to the appliance: Hyrax-type expander anchored to permanent teeth, modified Hyrax-type expander anchored to deciduous teeth, modified Haas-type expander anchored to deciduous teeth. Maxillary expansion was performed until overcorrection and the expander was passively kept in situ for 7 months at least. All patients had three-dimensional imaging before expansion (T0) and after the retention period (T1). Nasal floor width, nasal wall width, maxillary inter-molar width were measured by means of Mimics software. The paired sample t-test was employed to assess the significance of the differences between the time points; the analysis of variance test (ANOVA) was used to compare differences between groups.ResultsThe statistical analysis revealed significant differences between T0 and T1 for each recorded measurement in each group; no significant differences were found by comparing groups.ConclusionsRapid maxillary expansion produces a significant skeletal transverse expansion of nasal region in growing patients. No significant differences in nasal effects are expected when the appliance is anchored onto deciduous teeth, with or without the palatal acrylic coverage.

Objective: To evaluate changes in airway volumes and respiratory performance in patients undergoing rapid maxillary expansion and determine whether any correlations exist between the morphological and respiratory functional modifications induced by rapid maxillary expansion and pretreatment airway stenosis. Materials and methods: Fifteen patients (11 females and 4 males; mean age, 7.5 6 0.3 years) were enrolled in the study. Each patient underwent cone beam computed tomography and polysomnography examination before rapid maxillary expansion and after the removal of the maxillary expander 12 months later. The airway regions were segmented and the volumes were computed. Results: The upper, middle, and lower airway volumes were significantly increased 2305 mm 3 , 1144 mm 3 , and 1915 mm 3 , respectively. Similarly, oxygen saturation was increased (+5.3%) and the apnea/hypopnea index was improved (24.2 events). All the observed modifications were statistically significant (P , .05). Baseline middle and lower airway volume showed a significant negative correlation with the oxygen saturation modification. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that when rapid maxillary expansion is performed in subjects having posterior crossbite, oxygen saturation is improved. The improvement is greater in subjects having more reduced middle and lower airway volumes. (Angle Orthod. 0000;00:000-000.)

The results of this study showed that when rapid maxillary expansion is performed in subjects having posterior crossbite, oxygen saturation is improved. The improvement is greater in subjects having more reduced middle and lower airway volumes.