3D printed perforated QR codes

Yang, Jingru; Peng, Hao; Liu, Lin; Lü, Lin

doi:10.1016/j.cag.2019.04.005

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In addition to the fabrication of the metal parts with QR codes using various AM methods, consumer-level implementations were also accomplished. Yang et al [ 5 ] proposed a novel method to produce 3D QR codes for similar identification and authentication purposes. They investigated that the QR code produced should satisfy three major things, namely connectivity, structural soundness and decoding robustness.…”

Section: Approaches For Embedding Information Into/onto Am Partsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An approach of direct slicing can be used to overcome this issue. Unlike the previous works [ 2 , 5 , 6 ], where QR was embedded on the outer surfaces of the AM parts, this work focuses on embedding the QR code on the interior surfaces. The absence of mention of scanning angles in this work makes the reader assume that the QR code was scanned from the front.…”

Section: Approaches For Embedding Information Into/onto Am Partsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 3D printer employed in this process uses the technology of stereolithography (SLA) and the material is an opaque photopolymer. Compared with the works carried out in [ 2 , 5 , 6 ], this work mostly makes use of high-precision 3D printers, as fine features and minimum carving are required. Additionally, there are no support structures required in embedding the QR codes due to their small sizes.…”

Section: Approaches For Embedding Information Into/onto Am Partsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Embedding Information into or onto Additively Manufactured Parts: A Review of QR Codes, Steganography and Watermarking Methods

Usama

Yaman

2022

Materials

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The paper gives a detailed review of the approaches adopted for embedding information into/onto additively manufactured parts. The primary purpose of this paper is to review all the techniques adopted for embedding information, highlight notable trends and improvements in these works, and provide design and manufacturing pipelines to realize most of these works. It classifies these approaches into four different categories and summarizes the works carried out in each field. It also compares all the results in textual and tabular forms and then gives a detailed conclusion of the best works in terms of application and effectiveness. The four categories discussed are 3D QR codes, 3D watermarking, steganography and nonclassified methods. Lastly, it discusses the future extensions and potential improvements in the field of embedding information, while exploring manufacturing technologies.

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Section: Approaches For Embedding Information Into/onto Am Partsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Approaches For Embedding Information Into/onto Am Partsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Approaches For Embedding Information Into/onto Am Partsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Embedding Information into or onto Additively Manufactured Parts: A Review of QR Codes, Steganography and Watermarking Methods

Usama

Yaman

2022

Materials

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“…Learning that is easily accessible anywhere is also very necessary for learners to study independently at home with easy access to the material and audio provided via the Internet using the QR code contained in English textbooks. QR codes are machine-readable optical 2D matrix barcodes that are easily displayed physically on digital media on the screen [37]. The ease of accessing this learning is very important because students' flexibility of time and place can be determined by students during the pandemic period or afterwards.…”

Section: Model Teaching Materials Based On Need Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

E-learning in elementary schools: educational system change during COVID-19 pandemic

2021

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Introduction. New digital technology in education and its constantly evolving paradigm have completely transformed the model of learning and the learning methods. E-learning has become an important tool for teaching and learning environments. Moreover, virtual learning has become a required alternative teaching method in educational system change during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for learners in elementary schools.Aim. This research aimed to explore the necessities, lack, and want of learning English, which is done virtually at home.Methodology and research methods. This research employs descriptive methods using questionnaires and interviews as instruments to get responses from teachers and students about their learning needs. In the course of the needs analysis process, the importance and priority of teachers’ and students’ needs are discussed. The participants of this study were second-grade elementary school students, and the sample was 40 students and 2 English teachers for 10 months.Results. The research results demonstrate a gap between the needs of learners and current conditions; therefore, the whole language approach, the multimedia, and technology-based English teaching materials will become an inevitable need and even become a solution in the world of education.Scientific novelty. Further research is needed to study educational system change during the COVID-19 pandemic or after, especially in designing teaching materials in various disciplines and at different educational stages. Future studies could be generalised by these research findings to other populations in different learning contexts, and the findings presented in thisarticle should be further explored. In particular, technology-based and multimedia-based teaching materials must be explored more deeply. Furthermore, further research should focus on utilising a different model for needs analysis in language education to verify the need for effective English learning in changing the education system during the pandemic and after.Practical significance. It is thought that this study will contribute to the stakeholders in terms to provide empirical evidence of what necessities, lack, and want should be considered when a teacher will design and develop teaching materials during the COVID-19 period or afte.

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“…A 3D printed QR code can also be beautified based on the work of Yang et al. [YPLL19]. They propose a method that automatically generates perforated artistic QR codes and embeds them onto surfaces using a 3D printer.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedding QR Code onto Triangulated Meshes using Horizon Based Ambient Occlusion

Papp

Hoffmann

Papp

2021

Computer Graphics Forum

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QR code is a widely used format to encode information through images that can be easily decoded using a smartphone. These devices play a significant role in most people's everyday lives, making the encoded information widely accessible. However, decoding the QR code becomes challenging when significant deformations occur in the label. An easy and quick solution to keep the deformation on a minimum level is to affix the label that contains the QR code onto a developable surface patch of a 3D model. The perspective distortion that can appear is efficiently dealt with during the decoding process. In recent years an alternative method has emerged. In the work of Kikuchi et al., the QR code is embedded onto B‐spline surfaces of CAD models to give more freedom in providing additional information. This method was further improved and extended by Peng et al. embed QR codes onto the surface of general meshes. This paper introduces a solution to embed QR codes onto the surface of general meshes without densely triangulating the selected area of the QR code. It uses the deferred shading technique to extract the surface normals and the depth values around the QR code's user‐given centre. We propose two methods for automatically finding the projection direction even when highly curved areas are selected based on the retrieved information while rendering the model. Besides, we introduce two methods needing a projection direction and a QR code centre to determine a size for automatically embedding the QR code. We propose patterns for decreasing the carving depth of the embedded QR codes, and we use the Horizon‐Based Ambient Occlusion to speed up the engraving process. We validate our method by comparing our results to the outcomes of Peng et al.

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3D printed perforated QR codes

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Embedding Information into or onto Additively Manufactured Parts: A Review of QR Codes, Steganography and Watermarking Methods

Embedding Information into or onto Additively Manufactured Parts: A Review of QR Codes, Steganography and Watermarking Methods

E-learning in elementary schools: educational system change during COVID-19 pandemic

Embedding QR Code onto Triangulated Meshes using Horizon Based Ambient Occlusion

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