3D Patternable Supercapacitors from Hierarchically Architected Porous Fiber Composites for Wearable and Waterproof Energy Storage

Abstract

High‐performance wearable supercapactors (SCs) are gaining prominence as portable energy storage devices. To further enhance both energy and power density, the significant relationship between structure and performance inspires a delicate design of 3D patternable supercapacitors with a hierarchical architecture of porous conductive fibers composited with pseudocapacitive materials. In this work, the polypyrrole nanowires arrays decorated 3D graphite felt fiber assembly is initially fabricated as the conductive scaffold, followed by the distribution of the highly conductive and pseudocapacitive NiCoSe2 nanoparticles. Moreover, to realize the goal of standardized batch and pattern processing of the wearable SCs, laser engraving and silicone sealing techniques are employed, and SC devices with different patterns are successfully fabricated and encapsulated. Notably, the resulting SCs exhibit both stable electrochemical performance and effective waterproof properties, with the highest specific capacitance of 5.21 F cm−3 (113.36 F g−1) at the current density of 0.025 A cm−3 (0.5 F g−1), and the highest energy density of 1.09 mWh cm−3 (22.14 Wh kg−1) at a power density of 16.5 mW cm−3 (358.7 W kg−1).

Toward Flexible and Wearable Embroidered Supercapacitors from Cobalt Phosphides-Decorated Conductive Fibers

“…The electroactive material of CoP was then electrodeposited on the as-prepared Ni NTAs, as shown in Fig. 3 c, d. Generally, studies on the nickel or cobalt composites are normally performed by investigating different Ni-to-Co ratios for gaining the optimal electrochemical performance [ 16 , 49 , 50 ]. In this regard, here, three distinct and empirical ratios (Ni/Co = 1:0, Ni/Co = 1:1, Ni/Co = 0:1) were carried out to make a comparison pending the capacitance between electrodes with different nickel-to-cobalt ratios.…”

“…In this work, inspired by the design of the small inplane SCs [43][44][45], a conductive silver-plated nylon yarns (SPNYs)-patterned embroidery was, for the first time, rationally designed and interdigitally constructed on the common fabric via the computerized programming. A thin layer of nickel nanothorn arrays (NTAs) was then electrodeposited on the conductive embroidery for restoring the silver surfaces and creating more porous active sites for loading CoP.…”

Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Based on P(VDF-TrFE)/CsPbBr3 Quantum Dot Composite Films

“…In the past few decades, many researchers have been working on the development of energy conversion systems and eco-friendly sustainable energy storage for combating climate change, global energy crisis, and environmental pollution. − As the active building block of piezoelectric devices, piezoelectric materials have received more and more attention in the fields of actuators, piezotronics, self-powered sensors, and energy harvesting devices. Among them, piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) have become a hot topic of research owing to their ability to convert energy produced by biomechanical motion and living environments.…”

3-dimensional electrode structure for enhanced electrochemical performance of in-plane microsupercapacitors

“…Another method to enhance structural integrity of PPy is to deposit another very thin (~ nm) layer of harder materials such as SiO2 or carbon to "lock" and mechanically stabilize the PPy in order to reduce the swelling and shrinking effect [206,222].…”

“…2 [125], 17.6 Ω[203], 18.7 Ω[206], 23 Ω cm 2[142]). A very low Warburg impedance of 1.96 Ω indicates very low diffusion resistance as the open structure of the electrode allows fast movement of ion species in forming the electric double layer at the surface of the carbon.…”