Toward Flexible and Wearable Embroidered Supercapacitors from Cobalt Phosphides-Decorated Conductive Fibers

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS• The conductive silver-plated nylon yarns fully fit the demand for wearable supercapacitor skeleton, owing to the advantages of high conductivity and flexibility.• The computerized programming embroidering technique was firstly applied for realizing standardized batch processing of the flexible supercapacitor skeleton in various patterns.• Cobalt phosphides were properly electrodeposited on the conductive embroidery as the pseudocapacitive materials, providing remarkable electrochemical performance. ABSTRACT Wearable supercapacitors (SCs)are gaining prominence as portable energy storage devices. To develop high-performance wearable SCs, the significant relationship among material, structure, and performance inspired us with a delicate design of the highly wearable embroidered supercapacitors made from the conductive fibers composited. By rendering the conductive interdigitally patterned embroidery as both the current collector and skeleton for the SCs, the novel pseudocapacitive material cobalt phosphides were then successfully electrodeposited, forming the first flexible and wearable in-plane embroidery SCs. The electrochemical measurements manifested that the highest specific capacitance was nearly 156.6 mF cm −2 (65.72 F g −1 ) at the current density of 0.6 mA cm −2 (0.25 A g −1 ), with a high energy density of 0.013 mWh cm −2 (5.55 Wh kg −1 ) at a power density of 0.24 mW cm −2 (100 W kg −1 ). As a demonstration, a monogrammed pattern was ingeniously designed and embroidered on the laboratory gown as the wearable in-plane SCs, which showed both decent electrochemical performance and excellent flexibility.

Facile Method of Fabricating Interdigitated and Sandwich Electrodes for High-Performance and Flexible Reduced Graphene Oxide@Polyaniline Nanocomposite Supercapacitors

“…The overall energy density achieved with rGO@ PANI-NR nanocomposite electrodes is remarkably higher than the other reported rGO@PANI nanocomposite-based supercapacitors, 42,50,63−68 as shown in Figure 7. Moreover, for P-SC: rGO@PANI-NR, the energy density values are in the range of 12.4−52.2 Wh/kg in the power density range of 3722.3−260.6 W/kg, in which the maximum energy density value (52.2 Wh/ kg) is comparable with the maximum energy density values of recently reported high-performance interdigitated planar supercapacitors: 26.0, 69 5.55, 70 and 17 Wh/kg. 30 The high energy and power densities of the rGO@PANI-NR nanocomposite flexible electrode are due to high ion permeability (i.e., ionic and electronic pathways through the active materials) and conducting nature of the rGO nanosheets and PANI nanorods together with binder-tailored and low barrier resistance of the active material to the current collector.…”

MXene-Based Flexible Supercapacitors: Influence of an Organic Ionic Conductor Electrolyte on the Performance

“…It can be seen in Figure a that the C sp retention of interdigitated Ti 3 C 2 NS FSCs remains beyond 90 %, whereas sandwich and twisted fiber configurations of Ti 3 C 2 NS FSCs showed less than 85 %. Figure b demonstrates the relation between power density ( P ) and energy density ( E ) of the different configurations of Ti 3 C 2 NS FSCs compared to previously reported values. − E and P are vital parameters, which are commonly used to evaluate the property of EDS. The results show that the P improves in the performance of interdigitated Ti 3 C 2 NS FSCs at high current density, which can be attributed to the beneficial architecture of the interdigital configuration, as described in Figure a–c.…”

Arrayed Cobalt Phosphide Electrocatalyst Achieves Low Energy Consumption and Persistent H2 Liberation from Anodic Chemical Conversion

“…S8c, d). For Co 2 P/CoP electrode materials, surface Faradaic reactions could thus be proposed in alkaline medium as follows [ 36 , 37 ]: Meanwhile, symmetric peaks can be observed for both anodic and cathodic currents, implying the reversibility of the Co 2 P/CoP-loaded electrode. However, due to the internal resistance, the anodic and cathodic peaks shifted with increasing scan rate.…”

“…S8c, d). For Co 2 P/CoP electrode materials, surface Faradaic reactions could thus be proposed in alkaline medium as follows [36,37]:…”