Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) represent an emerging technology in energy harvesting, medical treatment, and information technology. Flexible, portable, and self-powered electronic devices based on TENGs are much desired, whereas the complex preparation processes and high cost of traditional flexible electrodes hinder their practical applications. Here, an MXene/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel TENG (MH-TENG) is presented with simple fabrication, high output performance, and versatile applications. The doping of MXene nanosheets promotes the crosslinking of the PVA hydrogel and improves the stretchability of the composite hydrogel. The MXene nanosheets also form microchannels on surfaces, which not only enhances the conductivity of the hydrogel by improving the transport of ions but also generates an extra triboelectric output via a streaming vibration potential mechanism. The measured open-circuit voltage of the MH-TENG reaches up to 230 V even in a single-electrode mode. The MH-TENG can be stretched up to 200% of the original length and demonstrates a monotonical increasing relationship between the stretchable length and the short-circuit voltage. By utilizing the MH-TENG's outstanding stretchable property and ultrahigh sensitivity to mechanical stimuli, applications in wearable movement monitoring, high-precision written stroke recognition, and low-frequency mechanical energy harvesting are demonstrated.
Benefiting from high flexibility and lightweight characteristics, flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) have the potential to become a ubiquitously available and sustainable alternative source of energy. Herein, we fabricated a poly(vinylidene fluoride−trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) PENG doped with CsPbBr 3 quantum dots (QDs), which reveals a remarkable enhancement in piezoelectric output performance. PENGs doped with 0.3 wt % of CsPbBr 3 QDs exhibit an optimized piezoelectric coefficient from 15.5 to 24.5 pC N −1 , and the corresponding open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current are enhanced by 2.5 and 2.2 times, respectively, thanks to the increased β-phase content of the P(VDF-TrFE). The composite PENGs are sensitive to several human movements like bending, finger touch, and wind blowing, showing great potential for application in selfpowered sensing and energy harvesting. Moreover, fatigue test under continuous mechanical stimuli, and after long periods of rest (up to 2 months), demonstrates the PENG capabilities to be used as a robust mechanical energy harvester.
Organic piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) with light weight, good flexibility, and simple processing are promising in mechanical energy conversion. Here, a high-output polymer PENG composed of a poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluorethylene)/SnSe nanosheet (NS) nanocomposite film has been fabricated and tested. After a treatment with mixed solvents of N,N-dimethylformamide and 1,1,2,2tetrachloroethane (TCE), the optimal nanocomposite PENG exhibits high piezoelectric properties with a piezoelectric coefficient (d 33 ) of 25.06 pC•N −1 , a prominent open-circuit voltage (V oc ) of 15.36 V•cm −2 , and a short-circuit current (I sc ) of 1.02 μA•cm −2 . Moreover, the PENG can generate an output power density of up to 10.72 μW•cm −2 under a vertical force of 50 N. The attractive piezoelectric performance results from the doping of SnSe NSs with a high piezoelectric coefficient and also the increased β-phase ascribed to the introduction of nucleating agent NSs and the TCE solvent. The PENGs reveal great application potentials in consumer electronics.
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