“…WO 3 nanostructures in various morphologies (for example, instant nanorods (NRs), nanosheet, 3D nanostructured papilio paris, and thin films (TFs)) have been fabricated for a variety of applications, including gas sensors [ 7 ], efficient water splitting [ 8 ], photoelectrocatalytic activity [ 9 ], memory devices [ 10 ], photodetectors [ 11 , 12 ], and high temperature diodes [ 13 , 14 ]. At present, nanostructured WO 3 are deposited on various substrates to fabricate optical and electrical devices, such as TiO 2 [ 15 ], NiO [ 16 ], ZnO nanowires (NWs) [ 17 ], diamond [ 14 ], Fe 2 WO 6 [ 8 ], and BiVO 4 [ 18 ]. In the last few years, several review reports have been published based on photo catalysts [ 19 , 20 ], electrochromic devices [ 21 , 22 ], gas sensors [ 23 , 24 ], and oxygen-deficient WO 3 [ 25 ].…”