3D grafting via three-photon induced photolysis of aromatic azides

Ovsianikov, Aleksandr; Li, Z.; Ajami, Aliasghar; Torgersen, Jan; Husinsky, W.; Stampfl, Jürgen; Liska, Robert

doi:10.1007/s00339-012-6964-9

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These include planar π‐conjugated systems containing strong donor and/or acceptor groups 16, 22, 23. Our recent studies on multiphoton absorption by BAC‐M at around 800 nm confirmed a high three‐photon absorption cross section of 1.19 × 10 −78 (cm 6 s 2 ) 24…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Selective Functionalization of 3D Matrices Via Multiphoton Grafting and Subsequent Click Chemistry

Ovsianikov

Torgersen

et al. 2012

Adv Funct Materials

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Grafting is a popular approach for adjusting the properties and functionalization of various surfaces. Conventional photoinduced grafting has been utilized on fl at surfaces, porous monoliths, and hydrogels. By masking or illuminating only a portion of the sample, a certain degree of spatial and temporal control is possible, but the ability to use grafting to pattern in 3D is limited. Here, the laser-induced photolysis of an aromatic azide compound is employed for true 3D photografting within a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)based matrix. Since the multiphoton interaction occurs only in a confi ned area within the laser focal spot, the localized immobilization of a selected molecule with high spatial resolution in 3D is possible. In contrast to the widely utilized chain-growth polymerization-based grafting, the approach is characterized by a single-molecule insertion mechanism. Successful binding of the fl uorophore is confi rmed by laser scanning microscopy. To test for the presence of latent azides and to determine the suitability for additional postmodifi cation with arbitrary functional groups, the sample is further subjected to copper-catalyzed alkyne click-reaction conditions. The described 3D photografting method is simple, highly effi cient, and universal. The presented results demonstrate the great potential of multiphoton-induced grafting for 3D site-specifi c functionalization.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Selective Functionalization of 3D Matrices Via Multiphoton Grafting and Subsequent Click Chemistry

Ovsianikov

Torgersen

et al. 2012

Adv Funct Materials

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“…It has been studied extensively as bone graft material, since it enables the culture of many types of osteogenic and bone marrow cells. Implantation studies have already shown its ability to support ingrowth of bone into porous implants 35,36,38,46,52,69,96,[99][100][101]104 (Fig. 10).…”

Section: Ceramics In Indirect Rapid Prototypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some research groups circumvent hurdles associated with inhomogeneous cellular distribution via the incorporation of cells during scaffold production. 1,3,4,23,35,58,62,66,69 This can for example be accomplished by encapsulating cells in a hydrogel precursor solution prior to crosslinking To obtain this beneficial porosity, several techniques can be applied including conventional techniques (including but not limited to soft particle leaching, electrospinning, 65,107 supercritical CO 2 treatment) and more recently solid freeform fabrication (SFF) techniques.…”

Section: Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Rapid Prototyping: Opening Up Unprecedented Opportunities in Scaffold Design and Applications

et al. 2016

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Over the past decades, solid freeform fabrication (SFF) has emerged as the main technology for the production of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications as a result of the architectural versatility. However, certain limitations have also arisen, primarily associated with the available, rather limited range of materials suitable for processing. To overcome these limitations, several research groups have been exploring novel methodologies through which a construct, generated via SFF, is applied as a sacrificial mould for production of the final construct. The technique combines the benefits of SFF techniques in terms of controlled, patient-specific design with a large freedom in material selection associated with conventional scaffold production techniques. Consequently, well-defined 3D scaffolds can be generated in a straightforward manner from previously difficult to print and even "unprintable" materials due to thermomechanical properties that do not match the often strict temperature and pressure requirements for direct rapid prototyping. These include several biomaterials, thermally degradable materials, ceramics and composites. Since it can be combined with conventional pore forming techniques, indirect rapid prototyping (iRP) enables the creation of a hierarchical porosity in the final scaffold with micropores inside the struts. Consequently, scaffolds and implants for applications in both soft and hard tissue regeneration have been reported. In this review, an overview of different iRP strategies and materials are presented from the first reports of the approach at the turn of the century until now.

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“…In order to study the grafting efficiency and determine the processing window, MPG tests were performed using different average laser powers and scanning speeds. The obtained results were compared with the three-photon active aromatic azide BAC-M [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D photografting with aromatic azides: A comparison between three-photon and two-photon case

Li¹,

Ajami²,

Stankevičius³

et al. 2013

Optical Materials

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Photografting is a method utilizing light activation for covalent incorporation of functional molecules to a polymer surface or polymer matrix. It has been widely applied as a simple and versatile method for tailoring physical-chemical properties of various surfaces. Grafting induced via multi-photon absorption provides additional advantages of spatial and temporal control of the process. Here, a novel fluoroaryl azide photografting compound (AFA) was synthesized and compared with the commercially available azide BAC-M. Using Z-scan technique, it was determined that AFA is a two-photon absorber at 798 nm, whereas BAC-M is a three-photon absorber at this wavelength. Both azides were employed for 3D photografting within a PEG-based matrix using femtosecond laser pulses. Both Z-scan measurements and 3D photografting tests indicated that, the intensity threshold for nonlinear absorption and photografting process is lower for AFA. As a result the processing window of AFA is much broader than that of BAC-M. But on the other hand, since BAC-M is characterized by the three-photon absorption (3PA) process, patterns with finer features can be produced using this molecule. The choice of the appropriate compound for 3D grafting will depend on the final application and the requirements associated with the resolution and post-modification protocol.

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3D grafting via three-photon induced photolysis of aromatic azides

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Selective Functionalization of 3D Matrices Via Multiphoton Grafting and Subsequent Click Chemistry

Selective Functionalization of 3D Matrices Via Multiphoton Grafting and Subsequent Click Chemistry

Indirect Rapid Prototyping: Opening Up Unprecedented Opportunities in Scaffold Design and Applications

3D photografting with aromatic azides: A comparison between three-photon and two-photon case

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