3D-bioprinted GelMA-gelatin-hydroxyapatite osteoblast-laden composite hydrogels for bone tissue engineering

3D printed gelatin/decellularized bone composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: Fabrication, characterization and cytocompatibility study

“…developed bioactive glass incorporated PLA filaments and demonstrated reproducibility of the produced scaffolds as well as improved mechanical properties and bioactivity [ 20 ]. Moreover naturally derived hydrogels exhibit distinct advantages, for instance, controlled degradation, bioactivity, osteogenic capacity as well as the potential for drug delivery applications [ [21] , [22] , [23] ]. Among other polymers, gelatin (GEL) is advantageous and preferable in biomaterial designs based on natural polymers due to its nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability as well as its arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) cell recognition sequence in the protein structure [ 24 ].…”

Additive Manufacturing of Bioceramic Implants for Restoration Bone Engineering: Technologies, Advances, and Future Perspectives

“…Allen et al 24 printed composite implants by mixing GelMA, gelatin, and HA by DIW. The survival and proliferation of cells V. e) Extrusion of alginate-gelatin samples.…”

“…h) Results of Bla7 (bone morphogenetic protein 7) and Bglap (osteocalcin) gene expression in gelma-gelatin hydrogels. 24 in the composite implants were evaluated by 28-day in vitro experiments for histological analysis, ALP assay, and osteogenic protein expression levels. The implants displayed good organic biodegradability, strength, and tolerance osteoconduction, while the addition of inorganic substances reduced the swelling of hydrogels, as shown in Figure 7g the implants changed from transparent to opaque.…”

“…AM has been widely used to prepare porous biomaterial implants for guiding tissue reconstruction in recent years. Additively manufactured bioceramic − and bioceramic/organics composites − are universally applied in cardiovascular tissue, , cardiac stents, , and bone regeneration. − Normally, bone regeneration requires the porous bioimplant equipped with good biocompatibility, noncytotoxic, no immune rejection, effective in promoting bone tissue reconstruction, sufficient strength, and supporting cell proliferation growth and adhesion . Therefore, suitable mechanical properties, appropriate structural design, and excellent osteoconductive properties are the basic requirements for additively manufactured porous biomaterial implants. − Among various additively manufactured bioceramic implants, bioinert ceramics represented by zirconia (ZrO 2 ), and bioactive ceramics represented by hydroxyapatite (HA), beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), have shown excellent comprehensive performance and have gradually become the mainstay of bone regeneration.…”

3D Printing Soft Matters and Applications: A Review

“…Macromolecules composed of numerous repeating subunits are called polymers, which are similar to biomaterials, such as hydrogels [ 1 ], silicone elastomers [ 2 ], and polycaprolactone (PCL) [ 3 ], and play a key role in applications with biological interfaces, including soft robotics [ 4 , 5 ], flexible electronics [ 6 ], and biomedical engineering.…”