Onset and duration of symptoms of loss of smell/taste in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review

Santos, Renata Emmanuele Assunção; Silva, Maria Giselda da; Silva, Maria Caroline Barbosa do Monte; Barbosa, Danielly Alves Mendes; Gomes, Ana Lisa do Vale; Galindo, Lígia Cristina Monteiro; Aragão, Raquel da Silva; Ferraz-Pereira, Kelli Nogueira

doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102889

Cited by 82 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(174 reference statements)

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“…Anosmia is a frequent symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and its duration is usually less than 2 weeks before recovery [ 1 - 3 ]. However, at least 10% of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection will experience persistent and chronic olfactory dysfunction such as diminished smell (hyposmia) or the loss of smell (anosmia), which have been shown to result in a decreased quality of life, depressive symptoms, and nutrition issues [ 4 - 6 ]. One treatment option that is recommended for persistent olfactory dysfunction is daily olfactory training involving high-concentration aromatic oils [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Training and Visual Stimulation Assisted by a Web Application for Patients With Persistent Olfactory Dysfunction After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Observational Study

Denis¹,

Septans²,

Périers³

et al. 2021

J Med Internet Res

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Background Persistent olfactory dysfunction is a significant complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Olfactory training involving aromatic oils has been recommended to improve olfactory recovery, but quantitative data are missing. Objective We aimed to quantify the benefit of olfactory training and visual stimulation assisted by a dedicated web application for patients who experienced olfactory dysfunction for ≥1 month. Methods We performed an observational, real-life, data-based study on a cohort of patients who experienced at least 1 month of persistent olfactory dysfunction between January 30 and March 26, 2021. An analysis was performed after a mean olfactory training time of 4 weeks, and at least 500 patients were assessable for primary outcome assessment. Participants exposed themselves twice daily to odors from 4 high-concentration oils and visual stimulation assisted by a dedicated web application. Improvement was defined as a 2-point increase on a 10-point, self-assessed olfactory visual analogue scale. Results In total, 548 patients were assessable for primary outcome assessment. The mean baseline, self-assessed olfactory score was 1.9 (SD 1.7), and this increased to 4.6 (SD 2.8) after a mean olfactory training time of 27.7 days (SD 17.2). Olfactory training was associated with at least a 2-point increase in 64.2% (352/548) of patients. The rate of patients’ olfactory improvement was higher for patients who trained for more than 28 days than that rate for patients who trained for less than 28 days (73.3% vs 59%; P=.002). The time to olfactory improvement was 8 days faster for patients with hyposmia compared to the time to improvement for patients with anosmia (P<.001). This benefit was observed regardless of the duration of the olfactory dysfunction. Conclusions Olfactory training and visual stimulation assisted by a dedicated web application was associated with significant improvement in olfaction, especially after 28 days of olfactory training.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Training and Visual Stimulation Assisted by a Web Application for Patients With Persistent Olfactory Dysfunction After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Observational Study

Denis¹,

Septans²,

Périers³

et al. 2021

J Med Internet Res

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“…Despite the overall improving trend, only 40% of patients recovered completely from the OGD at T3. Resolution rate appear to be variable in literature, ranging from 13% [39] to 86% [40] , mainly depending on follow-up duration and OGD evaluation methodology (quantitative vs qualitative) [41] , [42] . In our sample, severity at onset was the most relevant variable influencing complete resolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, virological and immunological evolution of the olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19

Maiorano

Calastri

Robotti

et al. 2022

American Journal of Otolaryngology

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Purpose New-onset olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (OGD) represents a well-acknowledged COVID-19 red flag. Nevertheless, its clinical, virological and serological features are still a matter of debate. Materials and methods For this cohort study, 170 consecutive subjects with new-onset OGD were consecutively recruited. Otolaryngological examination, OGD subjective grading, nasopharyngeal swabs (NS) for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection and serum samples (SS) collection for SARS-CoV-2 IgG quantification were conducted at baseline and after one (T1), two (T2) and four weeks (T3). Results SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in 79% of patients. Specifically, 43% of positive patients were detected only by SS analysis. The OGD was the only clinical complaint in 10% of cases. Concurrent sinonasal symptoms were reported by 45% of patients. Subjective improvement at T3 was reported by 97% of patients, with 40% recovering completely. Hormonal disorders and RNA detectability in NS were the only variables associated with OGD severity. Recovery rate was higher in case of seasonal influenza vaccination, lower in patients with systemic involvement and severe OGD. Not RNA levels or IgG titers were correlated with recovery. Conclusion Clinical, virological and serological features of COVID-19 related OGD were monitored longitudinally, offering valuable hints for future research on the relationship between host characteristics and chemosensory dysfunctions.

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“…The severity of disease in patients with mild symptoms of COVID-19 could progress in approximately a week (Huang et al 2020 ). In contrast, most patients experience anosmia within one week, and clinical improvement may occur in the following weeks (Santos et al 2021 ). Therefore, early prediction of COVID-19 severity is crucial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is loss of smell an early predictor of COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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Onset and duration of symptoms of loss of smell/taste in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review

Cited by 82 publications

References 54 publications

Olfactory Training and Visual Stimulation Assisted by a Web Application for Patients With Persistent Olfactory Dysfunction After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Observational Study

Olfactory Training and Visual Stimulation Assisted by a Web Application for Patients With Persistent Olfactory Dysfunction After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Observational Study

Clinical, virological and immunological evolution of the olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19

Is loss of smell an early predictor of COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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