Eugenol mitigated acute lung but not spermatic toxicity of C60 fullerene emulsion in mice

Abstract

C60 fullerene (C60) is a nano-pollutant that can damage the respiratory system. Eugenol exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We aimed to investigate the time course of C60 emulsion-induced pulmonary and spermatic harms, as well as the effect of eugenol on C60 emulsion toxicity. The first group of mice (protocol 1) received intratracheally C60 emulsion (1.0 mg/kg BW) or vehicle and were tested at 12, 24, 72 and 96 h (F groups) thereafter. The second group of mice (protocol 2) received intratracheally C60 emulsion or vehicle, 1 h later were gavaged with eugenol (150 mg/kg) or vehicle, and experiments were done 24 h after instillation. Lung mechanics, morphology, redox markers, cytokines and epididymal spermatozoa were analyzed. Protocol 1: Tissue damping (G) and elastance (H) were significantly higher in F24 than in others groups, except for H in F72. Morphological and inflammatory parameters were worst at 24 h and subsequently declined until 96 h, whereas redox and spermatic parameters worsened over the whole period. Eugenol eliminated the increase in G, H, cellularity, and cytokines, attenuated oxidative stress induced by C60 exposure, but had no effect on sperm. Hence, exposure to C60 emulsion deteriorated lung morphofunctional, redox and inflammatory characteristics and increased the risk of infertility. Furthermore, eugenol avoided those changes, but did not prevent sperm damage.

Introduction of Flavor Chemical Eugenol Attenuating the Synergistic Toxicological Interactions of Flavor Mixtures

“…Other studies have found that for mice, the addition of EUG alleviated oxidative stress and acute lung toxicity induced by C 60 exposure, indicating that EUG can avoid functional changes and reduce lung tissue damage, which may be caused by EUG’s antioxidant potential through regulating the inflammatory process. 39 At the same time, it has been pointed out that EUG is a potential antibacterial compound against Salmonella typhi and can be used to prevent or treat S. typhi infection. 3 Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, remains a serious public health problem.…”

“…That is to say, EUG has a protective effect against cadmium-induced toxicity, which is similar to the toxicological interaction attenuating effect of EUG found in this study. Other studies have found that for mice, the addition of EUG alleviated oxidative stress and acute lung toxicity induced by C 60 exposure, indicating that EUG can avoid functional changes and reduce lung tissue damage, which may be caused by EUG’s antioxidant potential through regulating the inflammatory process . At the same time, it has been pointed out that EUG is a potential antibacterial compound against Salmonella typhi and can be used to prevent or treat S.…”

Potential Environmental and Health Implications from the Scaled-Up Production and Disposal of Nanomaterials Used in Biosensors

“…In the lungs, C 60 induced morpho-functional and inflammatory hazards. Exposure to C 60 also damaged sperm cells and increased the risk of infertility [ 106 ]. Studies of Daphnia magna and zebrafish show that chronic C 60 exposure induced behavioral and physical abnormalities at concentrations at and over 5 mg/L and 2 mg/L, respectively [ 107 , 108 ].…”

Remote Sensing Exploration of Fullerene Bearing Shungite in Mangampet Baryte Mines, India

“…Altogether it includes a hollow spherical cage-like structure with the unique ability to trap particles of size even in nanometers. The unique physical and chemical properties of fullerene have opened up tremendous usages in various essential areas like solar cells 3 , semiconductor (OSC) materials 4 , photocatalysts 5 , organic optoelectronic applications 6,7 , and biological and Biomedical applications respectively [8][9][10] . Buseck et al reported the occurrence of naturally occurring fullerene in the shungite rocks of Karelea 11 .…”