In vitro antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract of Mentha piperita L.

Abstract

The objective of this study is to investigate the antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of the ethanol extract of L. leaves (MPE). L. leaves were extracted by reflux with ethanol. Total phenolic acid and total flavonoid content were determined. The antiviral activity of MPE against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated in vitro. The levels of key pre-inflammatory mediators and cytokines including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined. The antioxidant activities were also evaluated using a colorimetry method. MPE contained high levels of phenolic acid and flavonoid, showed antiviral activity against RSV with a high selectivity index, and significantly decreased the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and PGE2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Meanwhile, MPE showed potential free-radical scavenging activities. These results indicate that L. might be a good source of medicinal plants.

Therapeutic potential of medicinal plants against COVID-19: The role of antiviral medicinal metabolites

“…& Thonn. Black catnip, gulf leaf flower, stone breaker Phyllanthaceae Leaves Aqueous and ethanolic extract Gallotannin corilagin HIV, HSV-1 and HSV-II Ashraf et al (2020) Melissa officinalis Lemon balm Lamiaceae whole plant Aqueous monoterpenaldehydes citral avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 Pourghanbari et al (2016) Phyllanthus emblica L. Amla, Indian gooseberry Leiothrichidae Fruits n -hexane, ethyl acetate, and nbutanol tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, ascorbic acids HIV Andleeb et al (2020) Mentha piperita L Peppermint Lamiaceae leaf Ethanolic Menthol, limonene, pulegone, caryophyllene and pinene syncytial virus (RSV) Li et al (2017) Azadirachta indica A. Juss Neem, nimtree or Indian lilac Meliaceae Leaves Bark extract Deacetyl-3-cinnamoyl-azadirachtin Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV) Mohamed et al (2020a) Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringa horseradish tree Moringaceae Leaves, seeds, fruits Phenolics (1) O-ethyl-4- (α-L-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl carbamate; (2) 4 (α Lrhamnosyloxy)-benzyl isothiocyanate (3) niazimicin; (4) niazirin (5) p-sitosterol; (6) glycerol-1-(9- octadecanoate); (7) 3 -0- 6 - O -oleoyl-β-Dglucopyranosyl b-sitosterol; (8) β-sitosterol- 3-X-O -β - d ...…”

Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological updates on Peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.)—A review

“…× piperita showed β‐carotene/linoleic acid with IC 50 value 0.37 ± 0.05 μl/ml (Tsai et al, ). A study of Li et al () tested to find out ability to scavenge DPPH radical activity of ethanol solution extract of M . × piperita .…”

“…In another study, aqueous extract of M. × piperita (0.009–0.080 mg/ml) was effective against HSV‐1 with ED 50 value of 62.70 mg/ml and therapeutic indices (TI = CD 50 /ED 50 ) of 1.79 and viral adsorption ED 50 value of the extract on HSV‐1 were 26.65 μg/ml (Omidian et al, ). Ethanol extract leaf extract showed IC 50 value 10.41 ± 0.82 μg/ml and CC 50 –227.34 ± 9.37 μg/ml inhibited Hep‐2 virus cells (Li et al, ).…”

Immunomodulators for Curtailing COVID-19: a Positive Approach

“…An in vitro study in China by YuXian Li et al has shown a significant antiviral effect of pepper mint extract when compared with ribavirin indicating a better future antiviral plant resource. In the same study high antioxidant property was noted and significant reduction in tumor necrosis factor-α, nitric oxide, interleukin-6, and prostaglandin E2 indicates its strong anti-inflammatory effect [104].…”