2D automated SEM and 3D X-ray computed tomography study on inclusion analysis of steels

Bandi, Bharath; Santillana, Begoña; Tiekink, Wouter; Koura, Nadia; Williams, Mark A.; Srirangam, Prakash

doi:10.1080/03019233.2019.1652437

Cited by 13 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Light optical microscopy, for example, is a standardised method currently used for the specific investigation of inclusion size and distribution [10]. Another technique, examination by SEM/EDS, has been established to examine inclusions of sizes below the analytical limits of other methods [11][12][13]; this has been documented as a remarkably versatile method, especially in combination with preparation steps such as chemical or electrolytic extraction. [14] The relevance of selecting an appropriate method has been highlighted in various publications listing and comparing current methods for inclusion analysis [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of methods for characterising the steel cleanness in powder metallurgical high-speed steels

et al. 2023

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Powder metallurgical (PM) steels are characterised by a very high cleanness level. Single mesoscopic inclusions can nevertheless induce material failure under the extreme exposed stresses in the final product. Extensive knowledge about the cleanness of these steels is therefore essential. Various methods for inclusion analyses are available, providing different information about the non-metallic inclusion population present in the steel matrix. Several state-of-the-art methods of inclusion analysis are compared, considering morphological parameters and chemical composition of the detected inclusions as well as the required time effort and statistics behind the specific method. Tests were carried out with a standard PM steel HS6-5-3C. Combined with chemical extraction, automated SEM/EDS measurements enable a clear description of the microscopic cleanness level. Statistical analyses using the extreme value theory allowed the prediction of the maximum inclusion size in the investigated samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of methods for characterising the steel cleanness in powder metallurgical high-speed steels

et al. 2023

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Overview of application of automated SEM/EDS measurements for inclusion characterization in steelmaking

Babu,

Michelic

2024

MetalMat

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The scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) is considered as a state‐of‐the‐art characterization tool to determine the morphological features and the chemical composition of non‐metallic inclusions in steel. Such a characterization is pivotal to assessing the steel quality, which influences the properties of end products. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the SEM/EDS system, tracing its historical developments and methodological advancements by various research groups which have contributed to non‐metallic inclusion analysis. Then the discussions transition to developments that have matured the SEM/EDS platform. The paper highlights selected examples utilizing the SEM/EDS to examine inclusions across various steel grades and at different stages of the metallurgical process. Finally, latest advancements in integrating machine learning techniques to expedite the analysis process were discussed.

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Thermophysical Properties of Steels

Seetharaman

Battezzati

Mohr

et al. 2022

Metallurgy in Space

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2D automated SEM and 3D X-ray computed tomography study on inclusion analysis of steels

Abstract: Please refer to published version for the most recent bibliographic citation information. If a published version is known of, the repository item page linked to above, will contain details on accessing it.

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Comparison of methods for characterising the steel cleanness in powder metallurgical high-speed steels

Comparison of methods for characterising the steel cleanness in powder metallurgical high-speed steels

Overview of application of automated SEM/EDS measurements for inclusion characterization in steelmaking

Thermophysical Properties of Steels

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