The morphology of alumina was studied in laboratory experiments and in samples from the steel plant. Varying morphologies of alumina were observed after deoxidation and reoxidation but a clear discrimination between alumina formed by deoxidation or reoxidation was not observed. Local concentration gradients during the addition and dissolution of aluminium can explain different growth mechanisms which lead to the observed varying morphologies of alumina.
In 1989, a ladle furnace was installed at Scunthorpe requiring a refractory change from alumina-lined ladles to Irregular flow can occur randomly in a casting magnesia-carbon: incidents of irregular ow increased. The sequence and mostly occurs in Si-Mn killed high addition of CaSi reduced irregular ow to low levels.
C steels. Irregular flow increases reoxidation, mouldAt IJmuiden BOS no. 1 (billet plant closed in April 2001), level fluctuations and slag entrainment, all of which it was noticed that steel made in basic ladle refractory cause deterioration of the surface quality of the (in this case dolomite) showed incidents of irregular ow billets. The effect of calcium on irregular flow in when no, or an insuYcient amount, of calcium was added.4 billet casting of Si-Mn killed steels is discussed A basic ladle refractory was used for Al (Si) killed steels based on experience at two Corus steelplants, and most of the Si killed quality steels. Almost no irregular Scunthorpe and IJmuiden. Some theoretical ow was noticed (i.e. no calcium additions were used) for aspects of calcium treatment are also discussed.steel made in an andalusite lining mostly used for com-I&S/1781 mercial Si-Mn killed steel grades such as rebar qualities. This gave rise to the idea that 'clean steel' is more sensitive
Mold slag entrainment during the continuous casting process presents a late stage source of non-metallic inclusions (NMI) with a high likelihood of ending up in the final product. The reaction between the entrained slag phase and surrounding liquid steel in the continuous casting mold affects the inclusion morphology and properties. However, there is a lack of information on the kinetics of the NMI-steel reaction. A novel approach, utilizing controlled synthetic inclusion/metal samples, has been developed to study the reactions between free inclusion-slag droplets and steel. The technique combines High-Temperature Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (HT-CSLM), X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) and advanced electron microscopy techniques offering rapid controlled heating performance and extensive characterization of the samples. This method offers the ability to observe the size, shape and composition of an unconstrained reacting inclusion and to investigate the interface between the materials with respect to reaction time. This study interrogates a low aluminum steel (0.04 wt pct) and a high aluminum steel (1 wt pct) in contact with an inclusion-slag phase with a starting composition aligned to a typical mold slag. It was found that the reaction between silica and aluminum across the interface of the two phases provided a driving force for spontaneous emulsification to occur. Products of such emulsification will have a significant effect on the inclusion size distribution and potentially the prevalence of inclusion retention in molten steels solidifying in the continuous caster (for example if emulsified buoyancy forces are reduced to near zero) and hence in the subsequent solid product.
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