Comparison of methods for characterising the steel cleanness in powder metallurgical high-speed steels

Schickbichler, M.; Babu, Shashank Ramesh; Hafok, Martin; Turk, Christoph; Schneeberger, G.; Fölzer, A.; Michelic, Susanne Katharina

doi:10.1080/00325899.2023.2170848

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The HSS produced by powder metallurgy (PMHSS) can effectively solve the problem of structure segregation and is conducive to the uniform dispersion of carbide in the matrix, with the advantages of uniform structure, small grains and less inclusions, greatly improving the mechanical properties, and service life. [10][11][12][13] The PMHSS is first to prepare raw material powder, and subsequent powder forming, sintering, and densification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristic analysis of high-speed steel powder prepared by gas atomisation

Zhang,

Lu,

Hao

et al. 2024

Powder Metallurgy

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The performance of high-speed steel (HSS) powder is a prerequisite for the preparation of high-performance powder metallurgy HSS. The physical properties, microstructure, and solidification characteristics of HSS powder prepared by nitrogen gas atomisation were systematically studied and analysed in detail. For the atomised TPM558 HSS powder, the morphology is spherical and the particle size distribution is wide. The smooth small particles of satellite powder attach to the surface of large particles. Shrinkage pits caused by solidification shrinkage exist on the surface of large particles. The average cooling rate is between 104 and 106 K·s−1, with the increase of cooling rate, the powder surface tends to be smooth, and the grain structure is transformed in the order of cellular to dendritic to radial. The single powder particle surface shows fine-equiaxed grains, while the internal presents columnar grains. The crystalline phases of the powder are austenite, ferrite, martensite, and carbide, and the carbide includes MC carbide with face-centred structure and M2C carbide with hexagonal structure. The average nano-hardness of the powder is 9.93 GPa, resulting in poor formability, and it can be pressed and formed only after adding binder.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristic analysis of high-speed steel powder prepared by gas atomisation

Zhang,

Lu,

Hao

et al. 2024

Powder Metallurgy

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“…[ 18 ] Furuya et al enhanced the microstructure of Cr‐Mo‐W‐V‐Co high‐speed steel using hot isostatic pressing (HIP), significantly improving the toughness and strength by 50%. [ 19 ] SPS offers distinct advantages over traditional methods such as hot pressing and HIP. Marnier et al showed that the preparation of 316L stainless steel samples using SPS yields significantly finer grains along with enhanced hardness and corrosion resistance as compared with those produced by casting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Analysis of the Wear Properties of High‐Vanadium High‐Speed Steel through Spark Plasma Sintering

Tong,

Wei,

Chen

2024

steel research int.

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High‐vanadium high‐speed steel (HVHSS), known for its exceptional wear resistance, is widely used in industries such as steel production, bearing manufacturing, and the manufacture of cutting tools and high‐end components. To address the need for improved performance under challenging service conditions, the fabrication of HVHSS is investigated using spark plasma sintering (SPS) as an alternative to traditional casting methods. The research focuses on analyzing the microstructural changes in HVHSS samples produced by SPS under various sintering temperatures. These samples are then compared with those of cast HVHSS in terms of their microstructures, mechanical properties, and wear resistance. The study found that at a sintering temperature of 900 °C, the SPS‐fabricated HVHSS achieved a relative density of 98.1%. The fine and evenly dispersed carbides (mainly M7C3 and VC) in the matrix increased the microscopic hardness to 654.1 HV, which is higher than that of the cast sample. Notably, the wear resistance is significantly enhanced, showing increases of 15.48 cm−3 and ≈18% in absolute and relative terms, respectively. These results show that SPS fabrication is a major technique for enhancing the wear resistance and optimizing the microstructure of HVHSS.

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“…This leads to a high tendency of crack initiation at the phase boundary steel-NMI which means that NMIs can decrease fatigue strength drastically. [17] Schickbichler et al [18] performed high cycle fatigue (HCF) tests with high-alloyed steels and showed that large NMIs initiated the fracture during these HCF tests. Moreover, near-surface NMIs decrease the quality of polished surfaces and change the optical appearance which is an issue especially for automotive sheets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Tramp Elements on Surface Properties of Liquid Medium‐Carbon Steels

Cejka,

Sammer,

Gruber

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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The transformation of the steel industry is inevitably linked to increased recycling rates of steel. However, end‐of‐life scrap is often contaminated with tramp elements like copper, molybdenum, and tin and while their influence on mechanical properties of steels is well described, their effect on nonmetallic inclusions remains largely unknown. Therefore, herein, two medium‐carbon steels are alloyed with up to 1 wt% of the listed tramp elements. The influence these elements have on the inclusion behavior in liquid steel is investigated using the sessile drop method in contact with alumina and zirconia as well as in steel/slag melting experiments to evaluate the formation and separation of new inclusions. Additionally, a semiempirical approach using CALPHAD to model the surface tension of steels with tramp elements is done. Copper and tin decrease the surface tension, while molybdenum increases the surface tension. It is demonstrated that most investigated alloys lead to a decrease of wetting angle as compared to the nonalloyed steels. The shown trends in the sessile drop experiments are lower contact angles with increased surface tension while a higher number of inclusions occurs with a decrease in surface tension. Thus, this study demonstrates that tramp elements affect the oxidic cleanness of steels.

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Comparison of methods for characterising the steel cleanness in powder metallurgical high-speed steels

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Characteristic analysis of high-speed steel powder prepared by gas atomisation

Characteristic analysis of high-speed steel powder prepared by gas atomisation

Fabrication and Analysis of the Wear Properties of High‐Vanadium High‐Speed Steel through Spark Plasma Sintering

Influence of Tramp Elements on Surface Properties of Liquid Medium‐Carbon Steels

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