Multivalent mannose-decorated NIR nanoprobes for targeting pan lymph nodes

Abstract

Lymphadenectomy is a prerequisite for most malignancies to define the precise staging of cancer, as well as resect the possible metastases completely. While it improves prognosis, lymphadenectomy often causes postoperative edema or bleeding because of unclear surgical margins. In this study, we synthesized near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoprobes with conjugating various mannose moieties on the surface to target macrophages in the lymph node. Armed with these NIR nanoprobes, we demonstrated the feasibility of intraoperative pan lymph nodes (PLN) mapping and real-time optical imaging under the NIR fluorescence imaging system. We found that even single mannose-conjugated ZW800-1 showed specific uptake in lymph nodes within 4 h, and multiple mannose-employed polyrotaxanes highlighted PLN efficiently with low background signals in major organs. This technology can help surgeons perform lymphadenectomy with ease and safety by identifying all regional lymph nodes proficiently after a single intravenous injection of NIR nanoprobes.

Mannosylated Polyrotaxanes for Increasing Cellular Uptake Efficiency in Macrophages through Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

“…Therefore, mannose-conjugation is a promising approach for targeting macrophages through specific recognition by the MMR [18,19,20]. To date, various mannose-conjugated proteins, polymers, nanoparticles, liposomes, and imaging probes have been developed for treating and diagnosing various diseases, such as cancer, infectious diseases, and metabolic diseases [21,22,23,24,25].…”

Light-responsive nanomedicine for biophotonic imaging and targeted therapy

“…Fluorophores are representative light-responsive materials, which absorb light energy and emit photons with particular wavelengths [3,39]. By simple loading or conjugating dyes to the targeting domain, such as small molecule ligands, peptides, proteins, antibodies, and polymers, many imaging nanoprobes have been developed and applied in bioimaging and therapy [7,9,40–46]. Atreya et al conjugated fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) on an adalimumab antibody for in vivo imaging of membrane-bound tumor necrosis factor (mTNF) [47].…”

Mannose‐Functionalized Nanoscaffolds for Targeted Delivery in Biomedical Applications

“…Byeon et al reported cationic-and mannose-modified-albumin NPs for treatment of brain tumors. [95] In this case, mannose moieties as mimics of glucose, are ablet oh elp modified NPs cross the blood-brain barrierb ym eanso ft he glucoset ransporter 1( GLUT1) and GLUT3 pathways, [96] which are responsible for the import of glucose and fructose as energy supplies. Mannose has also been reported as one of the hexoses transported by the GLUT family, [97] which can be considered as an alternative targeting strategy.…”

“…Byeon et al. reported cationic‐ and mannose‐modified‐albumin NPs for treatment of brain tumors . In this case, mannose moieties as mimics of glucose, are able to help modified NPs cross the blood–brain barrier by means of the glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and GLUT3 pathways, which are responsible for the import of glucose and fructose as energy supplies.…”