Analysis of polyamine biosynthetic- and transport ability of human indigenous Bifidobacterium

Abstract

Put: putrescine; Spd: spermidine; Spm: spermine; GAM: Gifu anaerobic medium; BHI: brain-heart infusion.

Identifying the essential nutritional requirements of the probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium animalis and Bifidobacterium longum through genome-scale modeling

“…3a ). Based on these results, putrescine and spermidine have either no essential function in the metabolism of the strains or they are formed using an unknown biosynthetic pathway 63 . Due to a lack of evidence, putrescine and spermidine were removed from the BOF to match the experimental results and allow in silico growth in their absence.…”

Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) water extract improves diarrhea symptoms by changing the gut environment: a randomized controlled trial

“…Bifidobacterium longum has the ability to produce spermidine via an unknown pathway. 40 Studies have reported that Bifidobacterium longum can significantly reduce diarrhea in children. 41 Uncultured species of Streptococcus showed a negative correlation with the Bristol stool scale score, and no significant correlation was found in the uncultured species of Pseudomonas and Granulicatella .…”

Modulation of Gut Microbiota Metabolism in Obesity-Related Type 2 Diabetes Reduces Osteomyelitis Severity

“…Therefore, polyamines may be tested to prevent bone destruction associated with chronic infections in obesity/T2D, where mice at 21 days postinfection show significantly more bone loss than lean/control mice ( 47 ). We suggest that the changes in the gut microbiota, including increased B. pseudolongum abundance, likely lead to increased systemic polyamine production for several reasons: (i) experiments with various Bifidobacteria species demonstrated their capability to produce spermidine in vitro , (ii) shotgun metagenomic sequencing of gut microbiota from obese mice fed resistant starch indicated that polyamine synthesis was associated with increases in B. pseudolongum , and (iii) treatment of mice with arginine and Bifidobacterium animalis led to increased levels of circulating and colonic polyamines, which corresponded with decreased levels of TNF-α and IL-6 ( 76 – 78 ). The evidence from our work demonstrated that polyamines were significantly upregulated in the gut, where microbes are abundant ( Fig.…”