Cholinergic alterations by exposure to pesticides used in control vector: Guppies fish (Poecilia reticulta) as biological model

Abstract

Spinosad and temephos are two of the most used pesticides in Mexico for the control of vector causing disease such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika. The aim of this study was to compare the neurotoxic effects of these two pesticides using guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) as a model organism. Guppies were exposed for 7 and 21 days to technical grade temephos and spinosad at 1.0 and 0.07 g/L, respectively, (10 and 0.5 mg/L of active substance; concentrations recommended by the Ministery of Health of the State (Secretaría de Salud de Nayarit (SSN) Mexico)). Subsequently, acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) and acetylcholine concentrations (ACh) in muscle tissue were determined. Temephos exposure decreased AChE activity and increased ACh concentration, whereas exposure to spinosad only increased ACh concentration. Though cholinergic alterations were more severe in fish exposed to temephos, both pesticides were equally lethal during the first seven days after exposure. Nonetheless, temephos was more lethal after 21 days.

First study on response of astrocytes in alevines of red-bellied pacu (Piaractus brachypomus) to subchronic exposure to chlorpyrifos and trichlorfon

“…In our study, in which sublethal concentrations were applied, although there was an absence of OP-induced clinical signs, we did observe accelerated locomotion (swimming) in the exposed fish, similar to what was previously reported by Córdoba [39] and Gül [40]. In toxicity studies of guppies Poecilia reticulata, cholinergic alterations after exposure to subacute temephos and spinosad were reported [41]. Some researchers have reported temperature-dependent variation in the sensitivity to OPs [42]; however, in the present study, pH and temperature were kept constant and were suitable for the normal behavior of the studied species.…”

Assessment of the Toxicological Effects of Pesticides and Detergent Mixtures on Zebrafish Gills: a Histological Study

“…After acclimation, each group was exposed to: Temephos 1 ppm; Roundup 10 ppm; SDS 2 ppm; SDS plus Temephos (2 ppm + 1 ppm); SDS plus Roundup (2 ppm + 10 ppm); Temephos plus Roundup (1 ppm + 10 ppm); control group. The experiment was carried out for 15 days in the static system according to Toledo-Ibarra and coauthors, (2018) [35]. During the experiment, there was no dead fish.…”