Effect of female genital mutilation/cutting; types I and II on sexual function: case-controlled study

Abstract

BackgroundThe existing literature is contradictory regarding effects of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) on sexual functions. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of type I and II FGM/C on sexual function of Egyptian women.MethodsWe recruited 197 cut women and 197 control women from those visiting Assiut University hospitals for different reasons. We asked each woman to fill the Arabic female sexual function index (FSFI) (a self reported 19-item questionnaire assessing the main domains of female sexual function). Genital Examination was done to confirm the type of FGM.ResultsFemale sexual dysfunction (FSD) was found in 83.8% of FGM/C cases in contrast to 64.5% of the control. The total FSFI score in the FGM/C group (19.82 ± 7.1) was significantly lower than in the control group (23.34 ± 8.1). Concerning the types of FGM/C, type 73.6% of cases had type I and 26.4% had type II. Type I FGM/C was performed mainly by physicians (62.1%) while type II was performed mainly by midwives (44.4%).FSD was found in 83.4% of FGM/C I cases and in 84.6% of FGM/C II cases. There was no statistically significant difference between the two types of FGM/C as regards total and individual domain scores except for the pain domain. There were significantly lower total and individual domain scores in both FGM/C types except for the desire domain compared to control.ConclusionIn this study, FGM/C was associated with reduced scores of FSFI on all domains scores, and among both types I and II, both were associated with sexual dysfunction.

Prevalence, knowledge, attitude and practices of female genital mutilation and cutting (FGM/C) among United Arab Emirates population

“…Type I (minimal) (62.8%) was the most prevalent, followed by Type II (moderate) (16.6%) and Type III (5%). While our data are in concordance with some studies [20], they conflict with others where Type III was the most prevalent [21]. These variations may be attributed to ethnicity-related differences in attitudes across communities.…”

Comprehension of dyspareunia and related anxiety among northern upper Egyptian women: impact of nursing consultation context using PLISSIT model

“…The circumcised women in our study represent 63.5%. Although type Ӏ of female genital mutilation (FGΜ), which includes partial clitoridectomy rather than infibulation or complete removal of clitoris, is the most widely used type of circumcision in Egypt and previous Egyptian studies concluded that scores of dyspareunia were comparable between circumcised women & uncircumcised ones, 2,16,47 nonetheless our results showed significant difference in painful intercourse in circumcised women comparison to the non-circumcised ones (r = 0.187, p = 0.02). This may attribute to that circumcision may affect and interrupt sexual cycle: desire, arousal, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain.…”

Risk factors associated with female sexual dysfunction among married women in Upper Egypt; a cross sectional study

“…21,22 This may be attributed to the fact that most of the circumcised women in Egypt were exposed to type I female genital cutting, which includes partial clitoridectomy instead of the complete excision of clitoris. 22 In Egypt, Thabet concluded that type I female genital cutting did not affect women's sexual desire.…”

“…21,22 This may be attributed to the fact that most of the circumcised women in Egypt were exposed to type I female genital cutting, which includes partial clitoridectomy instead of the complete excision of clitoris. 22 In Egypt, Thabet concluded that type I female genital cutting did not affect women's sexual desire. 23 Desire, arousal, orgasm, satisfaction and pain scores did not show considerable differences between circumcised and uncircumcised women in a hospital-based study on Egyptian women or in a recent study over 150 overweight and obese women from Upper Egypt.…”