Etiology of Severe Acute Watery Diarrhea in Children in the Global Rotavirus Surveillance Network Using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

Abstract

SummaryWe calculated pathogen-specific attributable fractions of acute watery diarrhea in children from 16 countries using quantitative polymerase chain reaction testing for a broad range of enteropathogens. Rotavirus remained the leading etiology, despite a clear impact of rotavirus vaccine introduction.

vAetiology of Diarrhoea in Children Under Five in Zambia Detected Using Luminex xTAG Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel

“…The high prevalence of single Adenovirus infection, only next to rotavirus, in our study tallies with the GEMS re-analysis study where, when assessed with PCR-based methods, Adenovirus incidence was five times more than previously reported using microbiological methods [17,22], shifting this enteropathogen to become among the top six diarrhoea attributable pathogens [23,24]. However, our study did not find attributable cases of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea due to Adenovirus.…”

“…95% confidence intervals were estimated using normal approximation to binomial. We estimated pathogen-specific burden of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea using population attributable fraction [15][16][17]. The population attributable fraction was estimated using punaf user-written command in Stata [18].…”

Prevalence of rotavirus and human bocavirus in immunosuppressed individuals after renal transplantation in the Northern Region of Brazil

“…[29][30][31] The global prevalence of RVA and HBoV associated with gastrointestinal infection is approximately 40% and 6%, respectively. 32,33 However, the findings that were discordant to that reported in other studies with solid organs receptors in Austria, where the frequency ranged from 0.8% to 1.5%. 15,16 This divergence may be due to the different methodologies employed since in Austria immunochromatographic tests and immunoenzymatic assays were used for the RVA detection, whereas RT-qPCR was used in the present study, which is a more sensitive methodology in comparison with immunoassays.…”

“…The detection of RVA and HBoV in fecal samples of children with gastroenteritis has been described in several setting, including Brazil . The global prevalence of RVA and HBoV associated with gastrointestinal infection is approximately 40% and 6%, respectively . However, the studies associated to immunosuppressed patients after renal transplantation are scarce, as well as the knowledge of clinical and epidemiological aspects of such infections in this specific group of individuals.…”

Missing in the middle: measuring a million deaths annually in children aged 5–14 years

“…For example, extending surveillance networks that have focused on diarrhoeal disease in children younger than 5 years would bring an understanding of causes in older children and adolescents. 11 Similarly, the number of deaths from maternal causes or due to violence or road traffic injuries are likely to differ from those at older ages, suggesting value in extending surveillance efforts to these younger groups.…”