Acoustic characteristics of Punjabi retroflex and dental stops

Hussain, Qandeel; Proctor, Michael; Harvey, Mark; Demuth, Katherine

doi:10.1121/1.4984595

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Closure durations (Clo1 and Clo2), and C1 and C2 release bursts were collapsed to get C1 and C2 durations. Both vowels (V1 and V2) and consonants (C1 and C2) were segmented by visual inspection of the waveforms and spectrograms, making reference to periodicity and formant energy bands (Hussain, 2015;Hussain et al, 2017;Ridouane, 2007). Whole word duration was calculated by collapsing C1, C2, V1, and V2.…”

Section: Acoustic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectra were generated over a single 5 ms Hamming analysis window centered at the beginning of C2 release, using the power value of p ¼ 2 (Boersma and Weenink, 2014). The duration of the shortest C2 release burst was 4 ms, therefore, a narrow analysis window was used to reduce the effect of following vowel (V2) on spectral moments (Hussain et al, 2017). To calculate the first four spectral moments, the acoustic signal was down-sampled from 44.1 kHz to 22.05 kHz (Bundgaard-Nielsen et al, 2016).…”

Section: Acoustic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are non-durational acoustic measures of stop release bursts, like the first four spectral moments [spectral center of gravity (CoG), spectral standard deviation (SD), spectral skewness, and spectral kurtosis], that have been widely used to classify stops produced at different places of articulation (Hussain et al, 2017;Tabain, 2012;Tabain and Butcher, 2015; but are not generally reported in the literature on the singleton vs geminate contrast. Spectral moments are correlated with the articulatory configurations of the vocal tract and therefore can be used to investigate the length of the front cavity, tongue posture differences, and the voicing distinction in singleton and geminate stops (Chodroff and Wilson, 2014;Hussain, 2017;Hussain et al, 2017;Li et al, 2009;Sundara, 2005). More precisely, spectral CoG represents the mean distribution of acoustic energy in the burst spectrum and is correlated with the length of the front cavity (Forrest et al, 1988;Li et al, 2009;Nittrouer, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Partial devoicing of voiced geminate stops in Tokyo Japanese

Hussain

Shinohara

2019

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Tokyo Japanese has a constraint against voiced geminate stops in its native lexicon. The present study investigates whether recently introduced word-medial voiced geminate stops [C1V1C(C)2V2] are differentiated from voiceless geminates and voiced singletons in terms of duration, voicing during closure, and spectral moments of stop release bursts. The findings suggest that the voiceless and voiced singleton stops were clearly differentiated by C2 duration. In contrast, C2 duration of the voiceless and voiced geminate stops was not significantly different. The devoicing of the word-medial stops was not only observed in voiced geminates, but voiced singletons also showed devoicing. The duration of the preceding vowel (V1) distinguished the voicing contrast in both singleton and geminate stops. The first four spectral moments of C2 stop release bursts did not distinguish the length and voicing contrasts in stops. These results indicate that, although wordmedial voiced geminate stops are fully or partially devoiced, the Tokyo Japanese speakers lengthen the preceding vowels (V1) to maintain a voicing contrast. Production patterns of the voiced geminates are considered in relation to marginal or intermediate phonological contrast.

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Section: Acoustic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acoustic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Partial devoicing of voiced geminate stops in Tokyo Japanese

Hussain

Shinohara

2019

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…These findings suggest that listeners can extract single cues, in this case duration, from the standards and build an auditory memory representation based on a single cue. Most phonetic and phonological features refer to a single cue that denotes natural classes of sounds ( Halle, 2002 ), while some features refer to multiple acoustic cues that denote a single natural class (e.g., retroflex; Hussain et al, 2017 ). The question this paper addresses is whether listeners also extract features from standards that belong to the same natural class and use those features to construct auditory memory representations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracting Phonetic Features From Natural Classes: A Mismatch Negativity Study of Mandarin Chinese Retroflex Consonants

Monahan

2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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How speech sounds are represented in the brain is not fully understood. The mismatch negativity (MMN) has proven to be a powerful tool in this regard. The MMN event-related potential is elicited by a deviant stimulus embedded within a series of repeating standard stimuli. Listeners construct auditory memory representations of these standards despite acoustic variability. In most designs that test speech sounds, however, this variation is typically intra-category: All standards belong to the same phonetic category. In the current paper, inter-category variation is presented in the standards. These standards vary in manner of articulation but share a common phonetic feature. In the standard retroflex experimental block, Mandarin Chinese speaking participants are presented with a series of “standard” consonants that share the feature [retroflex], interrupted by infrequent non-retroflex deviants. In the non-retroflex standard experimental block, non-retroflex standards are interrupted by infrequent retroflex deviants. The within-block MMN was calculated, as was the identity MMN (iMMN) to account for intrinsic differences in responses to the stimuli. We only observed a within-block MMN to the non-retroflex deviant embedded in the standard retroflex block. This suggests that listeners extract [retroflex] despite significant inter-category variation. In the non-retroflex standard block, because there is little on which to base a coherent auditory memory representation, no within-block MMN was observed. The iMMN to the retroflex was observed in a late time-window at centro-parieto-occipital electrode sites instead of fronto-central electrodes, where the MMN is typically observed, potentially reflecting the increased difficulty posed by the added variation in the standards. In short, participants can construct auditory memory representations despite significant acoustic and inter-category phonological variation so long as a shared phonetic feature binds them together.

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“…/ / have been characterized as palatal (Arun 1961, Bhatia 1993) and palatoalveolar (Dulai & Koul 1980). Retroflex plosives are characterized by shorter closure duration, shorter release burst (or VOT) duration, and greater convergence of second and third formants from preceding vowels, compared to their dental counterparts (Hussain et al 2017, Hussain 2018. Retroflex and dental plosives produced in intervocalic contexts are illustrated in Figure 3.…”

Section: Obstruentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Punjabi (Lyallpuri variety)

Hussain

Proctor

Harvey³

et al. 2019

Journal of the International Phonetic Association

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Punjabi (Western, ISO-639-3 pnb) is an Indo-Aryan language (Indo-European, Indo-Iranian) spoken in Pakistan and India, and in immigrant communities in the UK, Canada, USA, and elsewhere. In terms of number of native speakers, it is ranked 10th among the world’s languages, with more than 100 million speakers (Lewis, Simons & Fennig 2016). Aspects of the phonology of different varieties of Punjabi have been described in Jain (1934), Arun (1961), Gill & Gleason (1962), Singh (1971), Dulai & Koul (1980), Bhatia (1993), Malik (1995), Shackle (2003), and Dhillon (2010). Much of this literature is focused on Eastern varieties, and the phonology of Western Punjabi dialects has received relatively less attention (e.g. Bahri 1962, Baart 2003, 2014).

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Acoustic characteristics of Punjabi retroflex and dental stops

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

Partial devoicing of voiced geminate stops in Tokyo Japanese

Partial devoicing of voiced geminate stops in Tokyo Japanese

Extracting Phonetic Features From Natural Classes: A Mismatch Negativity Study of Mandarin Chinese Retroflex Consonants

Punjabi (Lyallpuri variety)

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