Generalised cowpox virus infection

Grönemeyer, Lisa‐Lena; Baltzer, Anne; Broekaert, Sigrid M. C.; Schrick, Livia; Møller, Lars; Nitsche, Andreas; Mößner, Rotraut; Schön, Michael P.; Buhl, Timo

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31428-9

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Finally, this case is the third reported in Europe within a year ( 10 , 47 ). As confirmed by genomic comparison in some geographic clusters, various strains seem to be circulating in wildlife in Europe, which is alarming because the diagnosis is always delayed when orthopoxvirus infection is not an initial suspect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Atypical Cowpox Virus Infection in Smallpox-Vaccinated Patient, France

Andréani¹,

Arnault²,

Khalil³

et al. 2019

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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We report a case of atypical cowpox virus infection in France in 2016. The patient sought care for thoracic lesions after injury from the sharp end of a metallic guardrail previously stored in the ground. We isolated a cowpox virus from the lesions and sequenced its whole genome. The patient reported that he had been previously vaccinated against smallpox. We describe an alternative route of cowpox virus infection and raise questions about the immunological status of smallpox-vaccinated patients for circulating orthopoxviruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Atypical Cowpox Virus Infection in Smallpox-Vaccinated Patient, France

Andréani¹,

Arnault²,

Khalil³

et al. 2019

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…CPXV are well suited to fill the niche that was created by VARV eradication, since it has the largest OPV genome including homologous open reading frames of all VARV genes. Currently, the number of zoonotic infections in Europe caused by CPXV is increasing, illustrating the need for a comprehensive understanding of the virus biology, especially the interaction with the host cell 12 , 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global ubiquitination analysis reveals extensive modification and proteasomal degradation of cowpox virus proteins, but preservation of viral cores

Grossegesse

Doellinger

Fritsch

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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The emergence of Variola virus-like viruses by natural evolution of zoonotic Orthopoxviruses, like Cowpox virus (CPXV), is a global health threat. The proteasome is essential for poxvirus replication, making the viral components interacting with the ubiquitin-proteasome system attractive antiviral targets. We show that proteasome inhibition impairs CPXV replication by prevention of uncoating, suggesting that uncoating is mediated by proteasomal degradation of viral core proteins. Although Orthopoxvirus particles contain considerable amounts of ubiquitin, distinct modification sites are largely unknown. Therefore, for the first time, we analyzed globally ubiquitination sites in CPXV mature virion proteins using LC-MS/MS. Identification of 137 conserved sites in 54 viral proteins among five CPXV strains revealed extensive ubiquitination of structural core proteins. Moreover, since virions contained primarily K48-linked polyubiquitin, we hypothesized that core proteins are modified accordingly. However, quantitative analysis of ubiquitinated CPXV proteins early in infection showed no proteasomal degradation of core proteins. Instead, our data indicate that the recently suggested proteasomal regulation of the uncoating factor E5 is a prerequisite for uncoating. Expanding our understanding of poxvirus uncoating and elucidating a multitude of novel ubiquitination sites in poxvirus proteins, the present study verifies the major biological significance of ubiquitin in poxvirus infection.The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is exploited by members of most virus families 1 and is essential for the replication of different virus families, e.g. Pox-2-4 , Reo-5 and Coronaviridae 6 . As a member of the Poxviridae family the genus Orthopoxvirus (OPV) comprises complex enveloped DNA viruses, including the smallpox-causing Variola virus (VARV), Vaccinia virus (VACV), which was used for smallpox eradication 7 , and several animal-borne viruses with zoonotic potential like Cowpox virus (CPXV) [8][9][10] . Having caused the death of hundreds of millions of people, VARV is the most prominent member of OPV. Although VARV has been eradicated in 1979, it is still a global health threat because of its possible release in the context of a bioterrorist attack and the emergence of VARV-like viruses from circulating OPV by natural evolution 11 . CPXV are well suited to fill the niche that was created by VARV eradication, since it has the largest OPV genome including homologous open reading frames of all VARV genes. Currently, the number of zoonotic infections in Europe caused by CPXV is increasing, illustrating the need for a comprehensive understanding of the virus biology, especially the interaction with the host cell 12,13 .

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“… 24 , 25 Fatal, disseminated cowpox infection has been reported in an adolescent renal transplant recipient immunosuppressed by antirejection therapy. 24 , 25 Antibiotic treatment of secondary infections should be based on wound culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing; tetanus prophylaxis should be administered if indicated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Disease Ecology, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Management, Prevention, and Control of Increasing Human Infections with Animal Orthopoxviruses

Diaz

2021

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine

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Zoonotic orthopoxvirus outbreaks have occurred repeatedly worldwide, including monkeypox in Africa and the United States, cowpox in Europe, camelpox in the Middle East and India, buffalopox in India, vaccinia in South America, and novel emerging orthopoxvirus infections in the United States, Europe, Asia, and South America. Waning smallpox immunity may increase the potential for animal-to-human transmission followed by further community transmission person-to-person (as demonstrated by monkeypox and buffalopox outbreaks) and by contact with fomites (as demonstrated by camelpox, cowpox, and, possibly, Alaskapox). The objectives of this review are to describe the disease ecology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, prevention, and control of human infections with animal orthopoxviruses and to discuss the association with diminished population herd immunity formerly induced by vaccinia vaccination against smallpox. Internet search engines were queried with key words, and case reports, case series, seroprevalence studies, and epidemiologic investigations were found for review.

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Generalised cowpox virus infection

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Atypical Cowpox Virus Infection in Smallpox-Vaccinated Patient, France

Atypical Cowpox Virus Infection in Smallpox-Vaccinated Patient, France

Global ubiquitination analysis reveals extensive modification and proteasomal degradation of cowpox virus proteins, but preservation of viral cores

The Disease Ecology, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Management, Prevention, and Control of Increasing Human Infections with Animal Orthopoxviruses

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