DNA origami applications in cancer therapy

Abstract

Due to the complexity and heterogeneity of cancer, the development of cancer diagnosis and therapy is still progressing, and a complete understanding of cancer biology remains elusive. Recently, cancer nanomedicine has gained much interest as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic strategy, as a wide range of nanomaterials possess unique physical properties that can render drug delivery systems safer and more effective. Also, targeted drug delivery and precision medicine have now become a new paradigm in cancer therapy. With nanocarriers, chemotherapeutic drugs could be directly delivered into target cancer cells, resulting in enhanced efficiency with fewer side‐effects. DNA, a biomolecule with molecular self‐assembly properties, has emerged as a versatile nanomaterial to construct multifunctional platforms; DNA nanostructures can be modified with functional groups to improve their utilities as biosensors or drug carriers. Such applications have become possible with the advent of the scaffolded DNA origami method. This breakthrough technique in structural DNA nanotechnology provides an easier and faster way to construct DNA nanostructures with various shapes. Several experiments proved that DNA origami nanostructures possess abilities to enhance efficacies of chemotherapy, reduce adverse side‐effects, and even circumvent drug resistance. Here, we highlight the principles of the DNA origami technique and its applications in cancer therapeutics and discuss current challenges and opportunities to improve cancer detection and targeted drug delivery.

Identification of important genes and pathways leading to poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer using Integrated Bioinformatics

“…In recent years, multiple investigations have identi ed the occurrence and progression of human cancer is a complicated process since it involves amalgamated action of multiple genes and proteins. Presently, targeted therapy is preferred over traditional therapies to treat various malignancies, including NSCLC [23]. Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors across the globe, and the advanced stage of this malignancy is challenging to treat.…”

Development of albumin macroinitiator for polymers to use in DNA origami coating

“…In addition, these structures are highly suitable for nanomedicine applications thanks to their size (10-100nm). They are inherently biocompatible, nontoxic, biodegradable, have low immunogenicity and can enter cells without transfection agents [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Numerous smart drugs carriers have developed so far to deliver molecules include fluorescent dyes [18], anticancer drugs [19,20], CpG (unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotides) [14], siRNA [21], enzymes [22].…”

Advances in DNA Origami–Cell Interfaces

“…Unsurprisingly, however, it is an attractive choice for use in biological and medical applications, as well. DNA origami as a drug‐delivery vehicle has been receiving much attention recently, and has been extensively assessed in detail by many excellent reviews . For practical use in a biological context, DNA origami structures should interact stably and efficiently with cells and tissues.…”

“…DNA origami asadrug-delivery vehicle has been receiving much attention recently,a nd has been extensively assessed in detail by many excellent reviews. [7][8][9][10] For practical use in ab iological context, DNA origami structures should interacts tably and efficiently with cells and tissues. Herein, firstly,w ed iscuss recent advances in quantifying cellular uptake and stabilityo f DNA origami structures under physiological conditions and de-velopmentsi nd evising rational strategiest oe nhanceu ptake and stability.W et hen look at novel applicationso fD NA origami in interfacing with cells and therapeutic applications,i n which the unique advantages of DNA origami are utilised to accomplish and enhance the specific therapeutic effects, beyondt hose of as imple drug-delivery vehicle.…”